熔融插層製備三元乙丙橡膠(EPDM)/黏土奈米複材及其性質研究

Preparation and Properties of EPDM/Clay Nanocomposites by Melt Intercalation

李榮哲(Jung-Che Li)

指導教授 ： 程耀毅

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/有機高分子研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究利用熔融插層法之混煉方式製備三元乙丙橡膠/有機黏土之奈米複合材料，探討奈米黏土對於材料其結構、機械性質、熱性質、電性測試之影響。此次實驗分別使用x-ray繞射儀及TEM，觀察複合材料內黏土的奈米級結構層。使用萬能試驗機來了解材料的機械性質變化，以DMA來分析玻璃轉移溫度(Tg) ，使用TGA來分析其熱裂解溫度(Td)，利用體積電阻測試儀來量測體積電阻的變化。

由拉伸測試結果得知，其伸長率、抗拉強度、抗張模數有明顯的增加。由XRD分析中，在EPDM/Clay奈米複合材料中，黏土可以有良好的分散性，其蒙脫土層間距(d-spacing)有撐大的現象。由此得知奈米黏土已經在橡膠材料中被打開且均勻的分散。也在TEM方面得到進一步的證明，也就是我們所謂的脫層型奈米複合材料。DMA測試結果顯示，隨著奈米黏土含量的增加，其玻璃轉移溫度會有升高的趨勢。TGA測試也顯示添加奈米黏土對其奈米複材的熱性質有所提升，是由於奈米黏土在複材內以片狀的分散而產生具有阻隔氧氣及熱傳遞的功效，稱此現象為屏蔽效應(barrier effect)。而在電性絕緣測試方面也有其改善。

關鍵字

三元乙丙橡膠 ； 奈米複合材料 ； 有機改質 ； 層間距

並列摘要

In this study, the EPDM/organic clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation. The effects of nanoclay in these EPDM/clay nanocomposites were investigated on their structures, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. The structures of nanoclay in these EPDM/clay nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical and thermal properties were measured by Universal Tensile Testing Machine and Thermogravimentric Analyzer (TGA). The glass transition temperature was measured using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA). The volume resistivity were measured by resistivity test meter.
The nanocomposites exhibited great improvements in the tensile strength, elongation, and tensile modulus. The silicate layers of the clays were exfoliated and dispersed uniformly in the EPDM matrix. The glass transition temperature of EPDM/clay composites rose with increasing nanoclay content. The thermal degradation temperature was also increased by the increase of exfoliated nanoclay. The volume resistivity was also improved.

並列關鍵字

Ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) ； nanocomposite ； organic modifier ； d-spacing

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