有鑑於建築物發生火災時,消防人員必須於第一時間抵達現場部署搶救,而建築物環境因素將影響消防人員部署車輛及消防水線進行搶救與阻礙民眾避難逃生。 因此,為調查建築物環境因素對消防人員火災搶救之影響,作為消防單位推動預防及搶救政策參考,並提供政府積極要求改善決策及提醒民眾加強防火管理項目,以提升災害防救效能。本研究經由瞭解火災及搶救意義、消防救災基本能力限制及火災案例分析影響搶救因素與彙整相關文獻及研究論文,歸納選定建築物環境影響消防人員火災搶救因素為建築物特性(結構、空間及收容人員)、建築物內部環境(火載量、區劃、救災動線、外牆開口部及消防安全設備)及建築物外部環境(救災空間、消防水源及騎樓及防火間隔)等3個主要架構因素、11個概念因素及49個影響因素。透過問卷調查及運用電腦統計分析,結果發現消防人員認為建築物高度、地下樓層、火載量、內部隔間複雜及密閉性、火載量與出入口、陽台、門窗及緊急進口等外牆開口部裝設鐵窗、柵欄或廣告物等致救災進入困難、建築物周邊道路或通道無法供水箱消防車或雲梯消防車通行與操作救災及騎樓堆置易燃物等因素影響火災搶救程度較高,是影響消防人員執行建築物火災搶救效率的主要因素。
When the building is on fire , firefighters have to immediately arrive at the fire site by all means . Environment factors such as combustibles , grill windows , squatter houses , rails , narrow alleys and illegal parking will slow down the fire car and fire main deployment, and stop people from getting out of the building in the quickest time. Therefore, in order for the fire units to have better ways of prevention and coping with the urgent rescue, and to provide the government with better ideas of improvement policy and fire prevention management, all the possible influences the environment factors may have on the fire rescue are examined. Through understandings of urgent rescue, rescue limitations and factors that influence the rescue, the study comes up with 3 main structures (building characteristics, building interior environment, building exterior environment), 11 concept factors (structure, space, capacity, fire load, rescue route, exterior wall opening, fire safety kit, rescue space, fire hydrant, arcade, fire protection partition) and 49 affecting factors. Through computational statistics and questionnaires, the study shows that placing iron windows, fences, or advertisings on the exterior wall openings of building height, basement, fire load, complexity and closeness of interior partition, fire load and passageway, balcony, window makes it very difficult to let the firefighters and fire cars enter the fire site.
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