橋梁構造設計景觀美學原則之探討

Exploration of the Landscape Aesthetic Principle of Bridge Structure Design

賴威郡(Wei-Chung Lai)

指導教授 ： 蔡仁惠 ； 李有豐

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2006.00300

摘要

橋梁是一種架設於空無一物的空間中，供道路通過的立體構造物，其顯著而獨特的建築特色，常成為一城市及一地區中重要的地標以及象徵，深刻影響人們視覺、心理上的感受，是整體環境美質的重要標的物；橋梁同時也是人類科技與文化的代表，是一種具有高度社會及藝術價值的建築類型。
城鄉風貌運動的興起，整體環境的規劃著重於景觀品質的提升，美學成為指導設計的主要思考方針之一；我國橋梁設計與建造由土木工程專業所主導，但土木工程專業人員大部分美學訓練不足，橋梁美學的思考成為設計上極大的挑戰；而相關建築設計及景觀專業亦缺乏對橋梁本質的認知，無法確切掌握橋梁設計的特性。因此，橋梁建築的特性以及相關設計的美學原則，成為未來設計者進入橋梁設計所必須面對的首要課題之一。
本研究以「誘導式結構理論」做為論文操作之方法，透過問題界定、擬定思考方向、進而提取相關課題重點，歸結推論得出研究之結論。探討範圍及課題包含，建築藝術、構造設計、景觀美學、色彩原理、橋梁構造美學的演變、案例的收集分析等。
研究結果，共整理出橋梁構造設計景觀美學原則八點：一、橋梁構造設計應明確地依力學特性與意義，將構件造型、材料等細部作明顯之區隔；二、橋梁構造的造型、材料等應以簡潔、輕量為原則；三、強化橋梁線性特質的設計為凸顯橋梁建築特質的原則之一；四、接合風景的情感特質，反應於橋梁造型、材料及細部等的設計上；五、橋梁設計以真與純的原則轉化地區意象，提升、強化地區文化與精神意象的內涵；六、橋梁的色彩應以呈現材料原本的質感為原則；七、色彩的使用應符合視覺美感與心理聯想的機制；八、照明設計應著重在線條、材料質感與接合等及細部的表現。
最後，並針對現階段橋梁設計之發展，提出三點結論，一、追尋未來真實風格的美學潮流；二、橋梁尺度的突破已成為一種超越單純形體美感的精神感動；三、地方意象的轉化為未來橋梁設計能力的重要指標之一。
以及，提出三點建議，以作為後續研究之參考，一、橋梁設計流程與架構的檢討與擬定；二、橋梁設計人員美學教育與訓練機制的探討；三、對景觀品質具重大影響的構造物美學原則的探討。最後，期望本研究成果能作為，橋梁設計之參考依據，並進而對增進橋梁設計之美學內涵有所助益。

關鍵字

橋梁建築本質 ； 構造設計 ； 景觀美學 ； 設計原則

並列摘要

The bridge is a 3D structure built in a void space for the road to pass through. Its significant, unique architectural characteristics often make it an important landmark of a city or a region that deeply affects people’s visual and mental perception as a momentous aesthetic marker of the overall environment. Also serving as the representative of mankind’s technological and cultural achievements, the bridge is a type of architectural that is of great social and art values.
As a result of the rise of the township appearance movement, planning of the overall environment begins to focus on enhancement of landscape quality, and aesthetics becomes one of the key factors that guide design considerations. Bridge design and construction in Taiwan have been directed by civil engineers. Most of them lack aesthetic training, and bridge aesthetics as a result has become a formidable design challenge. Meanwhile, architecture and landscape designers have not been equipped with the knowledge of the essence of bridges required for handling the characteristics of bridge design. Therefore, the architectural features of bridges and design-related aesthetic principles have become one of the primary issues that designers need to deal with before entering the realm of bridge design.
The manipulation of this study is based on the “heuristic structure theory.” Through domain definition, it breaks down the problems, extracts key issues and reaches the conclusion via induction and deduction. The scope of the exploration encompasses architectural arts, structural design, landscape aesthetics, color principles, development of bridge structure aesthetics, as well as case collection and analysis.
Based on outcomes of the research, eight landscape aesthetic principles pertaining to bridge structure design are identified: 1. Based on mechanical characteristics and meanings, each of the shapes and materials of structural components in bridge structure design should be specifically identified. 2. The shapes and materials of the bridge structure in essence should be simple and light. 3. Enhancing the linear characteristics of a bridge is one of the deign principles for highlighting the architectural features of the bridge. 4. The emotional elements of the scenery should be reflected in the shapes, materials and details of bridge design. 5. Based on the principle of authenticity and purity, bridge design transforms local images and enhances and intensifies the connotation of local cultures and spiritual images. 6. The color of a bridge should in principle reflect the original textures of the materials. 7. The use of colors should be in line with the mechanism of visual aesthetic senses and mental associations. 8. Lighting design should demonstrate details such as lines, material textures and joints.
Finally, in accordance with current development of bridge design, three conclusions are presented: 1. The aesthetic trend in pursuit of genuine styles in the future. 2. Breakthroughs of the scale of bridges have become a spiritual awakening that is beyond simple configurative aesthetics. 3. Transformation of local images will be an important indicator of the bridge design ability in the future.
And, three recommendations have been proposed for future reference: 1. Review and formulation of the bridge design process and framework. 2. Exploration of the aesthetic education and education mechanism for bridge designers. 3. Exploration of the aesthetic principles of the structure that significantly influences landscape quality. It is the author’s hope that the findings of this research can serve as effective reference for bridge design and contribute to enhancement of the aesthetic connotation of bridge design.

並列關鍵字

architectural essence of bridge ； structural design ； landscape aesthetics ； design principle

參考文獻

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