醫院建築之成本非常高,若缺乏良好的設計和規劃,可能在無形間造成很多成本的浪費;我國對於加護病房新建與整建之相關設計準則付諸闕如,在此標準下的加護病房是否符合實際需求,值得進一步去探討,目前國內針對醫療機構建築或加護病房空間規劃等相關研究仍不多見,因此醫療設施建築設計之相關研究有其重要性及必要性。 本研究由醫院加護病房切入,從工作人員的觀點進行空間之用後評估(Post-occupancy Evaluations),依病人舒適程度、病人安全、病人隱私、人員工作情況及人員關係及溝通五構面,使用國外學者發展之問卷,透過倒譯法的方式將問卷翻譯為適合國內使用的中文版本收集相關資料,並於台北縣市內共23間加護病房進行實地訪查和問卷發放等工作,以探討目前加護病房空間設計之需求及使用情況,進而提供醫療機構參考及後續相關研究使用。重要研究結果如下: 本研究所使用加護病房用後評估問卷,已取得一定程度之信度及效度,未來研究者亦可使用本問卷以取得加護病房使用者對於其空間規劃及設計之看法,結果也可做為內部評估或外部評核之標準。資料分析處理後發現: (一) 病人舒適程度構面:加護病房內不同之護理站類型、病室類型、隔離病室設置及窗戶的設置會影響使用者於此構面之觀感。 (二) 病人安全構面:加護病房內不同之護理站類型、病室類型、隔離病室設置及污物動線規劃會影響使用者於此構面之觀感。 (三) 病人隱私構面:加護病房內不同之病室類型及隔離病室設置會影響使用者於此構面之觀感。 (四) 人員工作情況構面:加護病房內不同之護理站類型、入口設計及污物動線規劃會影響使用者於此構面之觀感。 (五) 人員關係及溝通構面:加護病房內不同人員類別在溝通構面上有所差異。
Objective: Intensive care unit (ICU) is a particular space in the hospital. Without the well-designed ICU, the hospital may incur unnecessary cost or waste. The purpose of the study is to investigate the space design and the usage of ICU in Taiwan. Due to lack of related researches in this area, the study also aimed to become as a useful reference for hospital managers and researchers in the future. Method: The study adopts the questionnaire and field investigation. The data was collected from twenty three adult ICUs in fifteen hospitals in Taipei city and county in Taiwan. For the evaluation of ICU designs from the viewpoint of clinical staff, a self-report instrument with several multiple-item scales from American academic was adduced and translated into Chinese version. Translation methods included the backward translations, quality ratings, pilot testing, and cross-cultural comparison of the translation work. After data collected from ICU, multi-methods were used to investigate the post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of adult ICUs. Result: Reliability analysis of the data in this survey showed all scales to be internally consistent. The result of field investigation and questionnaires also indicated there was statistically significant correlation between physical environment and staff perception. Conclusion: The physical environment is critical for patient comfort, patient safety, patient privacy, and staff working condition in adult intensive care units. Some limitations and future directions of the study are discussed.