旅館從業人員肌肉骨骼疼痛研究

Evaluation of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Hotel Workers

黃鈺婷(Yu-Ting Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳叡瑜

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/公共衛生學系暨研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2014.00111

摘要

本研究以臺北市四家觀光旅館之從業人員為對象，共收集1,170份有效樣本，利用結構式問卷調查旅館從業人員的人口學資料、工作特性、健康生活行為、身心健康狀況、工作中人因危害因子、肌肉骨骼疼痛情形等，藉以了解旅館從業人員之肌肉骨骼疼痛盛行率，並分析其肌肉骨骼疼痛之多重原因及其相關性。
研究樣本女性占(53.5%)，平均年齡將近40歲，教育程度以大專以上者（53.5%）居多，目前職務年資平均7.7年，96.5%為全職員工，56.4%為責任制，47.3%的為固定日班，女性顯著較男性為多（53.3% vs. 40.3%, p <0.001），高工時之男性比例顯著多於女性（28.6% vs. 19.2%, p <0.001）。有46.1% 研究樣本屬餐飲部門，男性顯著較女性為多，而房務部門則女性多於男性（31.4% vs. 12.2%）。受訪者之工作滿意度大於工作壓力，但女性的工作壓力顯著高於男性，而男性在工作滿意度及組織氛圍之分數則顯著高於女性。在身心健康狀況方面，受訪員工僅8.0%自評整體健康不佳，且有78.9%的參與者無任何經醫師診斷或治療的疾病或傷害，31.1%的研究對象沒有任何自覺不適症狀（男性40.1%及女性23.4%），有自覺症狀者以肌肉骨骼疼痛為最多。
在肌肉骨骼不適症狀方面，任一部位不適之盛行率為71.4%，女性的各部位肌肉骨骼疼痛盛行率均高於男性，兩性肌肉骨骼疼痛盛行之主要部位均為肩膀、脖子及下背或腰部，其盛行率依序分別為男性：53.8% / 46.1% / 41.5%；女性：64.6% / 53.5% / 48.1%，而兩性在同一部位的肌肉骨骼疼痛之危險因子亦有顯著之不同。以羅吉斯多變項迴歸分析肌肉骨骼疼痛之危險因子，結果顯示：女性、房務部/行政部（相對於客務部）、自覺睡眠品質不佳、工作壓力大、工作桌椅高度不當、以及長時間站立為自覺任一部位肌肉骨骼疼痛的顯著危險因子。對於女性：睡眠品質不佳及長時間使用電腦分別會造成2.75倍及2.17倍的脖子疼痛危險性；睡眠品質不佳、使用過重工具工作、桌椅高度不當等分別造成2.21倍、2.19倍、1.89倍的肩膀疼痛危險；而睡眠品質不佳與工作姿勢不自然則會分別造成1.91倍與1.92倍的下背痛危險性。對於男性：工作姿勢不自然會造成2.16倍的脖子疼痛危險性；在行政部門、工作姿勢不自然及桌椅高度不當會分別造成3.28倍、1.82倍及2.36倍的肩膀疼痛危險性；常常要搬運重物及有喝酒習慣等，則會分別造成2.03倍及2.26倍的下背或腰痛危險性。
建議未來在推動旅館從業人員的健康促進計畫時，應針對性別、部門、工作負荷及健康行為等肌肉骨骼危險因子之差異性設計介入計畫，才能有效改善旅館業工作者的肌肉骨骼不適問題。

關鍵字

旅館從業人員 ； 肌肉骨骼不適 ； 人因工程危害因子 ； 睡眠品質

並列摘要

This study’s research population comprised a total of 1,170 employees sourced from four hotels located in Taipei city, Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was utilized to assess the study subject’s demographic characteristics, work characteristics, health behaviors, mental and physical health status, work-related ergonomic risk factors, and musculoskeletal pain. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was calculated and its association with the abovementioned factors was explored.
The average age of the study population was around 40 years and 53.5% were female. The average educational attainment of the study population was vocational school or higher, and the average employee had worked 7.7 years at the time of this study. Of the overall population, 96.5% of the subjects were full-time employees and 56.4% of them were salaried. Only 47.3% worked fixed shifts, with more women working fixed shifts than men (53.3% vs 40.3%, <0.001). More men than women (28.6% vs. 19.2%, p <0.001) were also found to work extended hours (>48 hour work week).
Of the overall population, 46.1% were in catering, with the greater share being men than women. However, more women than men were in housekeeping (31.4% vs. 12.2%). Subject work satisfaction was greater than their work-related pressure. While the females in this study reported feeling more work-related pressure than males, men had greater work satisfaction and organizational climate scores. Of the overall population 8.0% reported being in overall poor health, 78.9% had never been diagnosed with any disease or injury, and 31.1% did not report experiencing any discomfort (males: 40.1% vs females: 23.4%). The symptomatic subjects in this study were found to experience the greater burden of musculoskeletal pain.
Of the overall population, the prevalence of discomfort was 71.4%. There was a greater burden of musculoskeletal pain among women for every location investigated. Among both genders musculoskeletal symptoms were most often reported for the shoulders, neck, and lower back or waist. The prevalence rates for these locations among men were 53.8%,46.1%, and 41.5% while for women they were 64.6%, 53.5%, and 48.1%, respectively. Interestingly, the risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms of the same location were different across genders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms regardless of location among the overall population included female gender, working in the housekeeping or administrative department (in comparison to the customer service department), having self-reported poor sleep quality, a large burden of work-related stress, a chair and desk of improper height, and standing for a long period of time. Among females, poor sleep quality and long-term computer use were associated with a 2.75 and 2.17-fold increased risk of neck pain. Poor sleep quality, using heavy machinery, and having a desk and chair of improper height were associated with a 2.21, 2.19, and 1.89-fold increased risk of shoulder pain. Poor sleep quality and having an unnatural work posture were associated with a 1.91 and 1.92 increased risk of lower back or waist pain.
Among men, an unnatural work posture was associated with a 2.16-fold risk of neck pain. Working in the administrative department, having an unnatural work posture, and having a desk and chair of improper height were associated with a 3.28, 1.82, and 2.36-fold risk of shoulder pain. Often engaging in heavy lifting and drinking alcohol were associated with a 2.03 and 2.26-fold risk of lower back or waist pain.
The authors suggest that future work site health promotions targeting hotel employees tailor their interventions to be cognizant of employee gender, department, work loading, and health behaviors.

並列關鍵字

Hotel employees ； musculoskeletal pain ； ergonomic risk factors ； sleep quality

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