參與志願服務的動機、障礙與意願之關係研究─以桃園縣國民小學教師為例

The Relationship Study on the Motivation, Obstruction, and Willingness of Participation in Volunteer Services— Elementary School Teachers in Taoyuan County as a Case Study

賴玉情(Yu-Ching Lai)

指導教授 ： 劉宜君

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

自志願服務法公布以來，桃園縣積極推廣志願服務工作，其社會福利類志工有逐年成長的趨勢，但是公教人員所佔志工比例卻未見明顯提升。針對目標族群的志工招募，若直接訴諸潛在志工的動機需求，將有助於提高其參與意願。本研究以桃園縣國民小學教師為研究對象，利用問卷調查法來瞭解教師對參與志願服務的動機、障礙與意願的關係，問卷係依據研究目的並參考過去相關研究的問卷題目編修而成。本研究發現，第一，教師參與志願服務的動機具多重特性，涵蓋利他動機、利己動機、學習動機及人際需求動機；以無法配合服務時間為主要障礙，服務地點過遠次之；參與臨時性志工及「教育服務」類的意願最高。第二，有宗教信仰、目前有參與志願服務、有捐款的教師在參與動機及意願的表現較高；從未參與過志願服務、無捐款行為的教師呈現較高的參與障礙知覺。第三，參與志願服務的動機對參與意願有正向影響。研究建議，非營利組織可與學校發展夥伴關係，並透過招募訊息的設計來強化教師參與動機的刺激，對捐款者主動釋出招募訊息；建議桃園縣社會局與教育局聯合推動國小教師志工方案，學校主動辦理志工體驗與相關研習，帶動教師參與志願服務的風氣；建議教師自行籌組志工團隊進行社會服務，或結合教學課程帶領學生參與社區服務，展現教師積極的自主性力量。

關鍵字

國民小學教師 ； 志願服務 ； 參與意願 ； 參與動機

並列摘要

Since the announcement of Domestic Volunteer Service Act, Taoyuan County actively promotes volunteer services. Volunteers of social welfare increase year by year, but the ratio of volunteers from government employees and teachers does not increase obviously. As for the volunteer recruitment of target groups, if we could figure out potential volunteers’ motives and demands, their willingness of participation will be enhanced. The objectives of this research are teachers from elementary schools in Taoyuan County. Through questionnaires, this research explores teachers’ motivation, obstruction, and willingness. The questionnaires are drawn up based on the purpose of the research and refer to the questions in past researches. The research finds that first, teachers have multiple motivations to participation in volunteer services, including altruistic motivation, egoistic motivation, learning motivation, and motivation of interpersonal demands; the main obstruction is that their schedule cannot conform to the time of volunteer services. The second obstruction is the far location. The most popular volunteer services are contemporary volunteers and “education services.” Second, teachers who have religious faiths, who are presently willing for volunteer services, and who tend to donate money perform better in participant motivation and willingness. Teachers without volunteer services and donation show more consciousness of participant obstruction. Third, the motivation of participating volunteer services has positive influence on participating willingness. The research suggests non-profit organizations can develop partnership with schools and enhance the inspiration of teachers’ participation through the message of recruitment; Social Welfare Bureau and Education Bureau of Taoyuan County promote the volunteer projects of elementary school teachers jointly. Schools hold volunteer experiences and related research activities for encouraging teachers to participate volunteer services. The research suggests teachers form volunteer groups to participate in social services, or combine class education by leading students to participate in community services for showing teachers active and autonomous power.

並列關鍵字

elementary school teachers ； volunteer services ； willingness to participate ； motivation to participate

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