子女價值對生育期望之影響

THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE VALUE OF CHILDREN ON FERTILITY EXPECTATION

楊天盾(Tien-Tun Yang)

指導教授 ： 李俊豪

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2008.00311

摘要

本研究旨在探討子女價值對生育期望之影響。研究以近十年來出生率最低的台灣南部區域居民為研究對象，採配額抽樣的方式來進行調查，在嘉義縣市、台南縣市、高雄縣市與屏東縣共回收有效問卷489份。研究以「子女價值量表（生育價值）」、「子女價值量表（生育代價）」與「個人背景資料」為研究工具收集資料並進行分析，所得資料以SPSS12.0作資料處理，包含描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、多元迴歸的統計分析。分析結果如下：
一、子女價值之探討：
（一）生育價值
1. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，一般認同子女價值中生育價值面向，特別在「權力成就」、「親密情感」、「家庭愉悅」與「道德價值」面向有較高的認同。
2. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，男性較女性認同「養兒防老」、「社會地位」「生命延續」與「創造理想」的生育價值。
3. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，年齡愈大者，愈認同「家庭愉悅」、「親密情感」、「道德價值」與「生命延續」的生育價值；愈不認同「養兒防老」、「社會地位」與「創造理想」的生育價值。
4. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，「養兒防老」、「社會地位」、「親密情感」與「創造理想」的生育價值會因職業地位的不同而有顯著的差異。
5. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，生育價值會因個人月收入的不同而有顯著的差異。
6. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，「親密情感」的生育價值會因教育程度的不同而有顯著的差異。
7. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，「家庭愉悅」、「養兒防老」、「社會地位」、「親密情感」、「道德價值」、「創造理想」的生育價值會因宗教信仰的不同而有顯著的差異。
8. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，「家庭愉悅」和「道德價值」的生育價值會因居住地的不同而有顯著的差異。
9. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，「權力成就」和「創造理想」的生育價值會因族群的不同而有顯著的差異。
10. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，「家庭愉悅」、「親密情感」和「道德價值」的生育價值面向中，有偶者比未婚者有更高的認同；而在「養兒防老」和「創造理想」面向中，未婚者則比有偶者有更高的認同。
（二）生育代價
1. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，一般認同子女價值中生育代價面向，特別在「教養責任」與「喪失自由」面向有較高的認同
2. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，男性比女性更認同「成長負擔」的生育代價。
3. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，年齡愈大者，愈不認同生育代價的價值。
4. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，在生育代價中，「教養責任」與「成長負擔」面向會因職業地位的不同而有顯著的差異；「喪失自由」、「教養責任」與生育代價總量表的價值會因個人月收入的不同而有顯著的差異；「喪失自由」和生育代價總量表的價值會因個人教育程度的不同而有顯著的差異。
5. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，在生育代價中，「喪失自由」、「教養責任」、「成長負擔」與生育代價總量表的價值會因宗教信仰和居住地城鄉別的不同而有顯著的差異。
6. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，未婚者比有偶者更認同生育代價的價值。

二、生育期望之探討：
1. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，未來期待生育子女數以兩個最多。
2. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，女性的生育期望略高於男性。
3. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，年齡愈大，期待生愈多的小孩，反之亦然。
4. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，生育期待會因職業地位、個人月收入、宗教信仰、族群、婚姻狀況的不同而有顯著的差異。
5. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，愈認同生育價值的價值觀，其理想子女數愈多，反之亦然；而其愈認同生育代價的價值觀，其理想子女數愈少，反之亦然。
6. 根據南部區域居民的樣本發現，愈認同「道德價值」的生育價值面向，其理想子女數愈多。

關鍵字

子女價值 ； 生育價值 ； 生育代價 ； 生育期望

並列摘要

The study is for the purpose of discussing the value of children to influence fertility expectation. It takes inhabitants in Taiwan south region as the objects of the study, which the near for ten years the birth rate lowest region in Taiwan. Quota sampling is used in the study with 489 eligible questionnaires in total from Chiayi County, Chiayi City, Tainan County, Tainan City, Kaohsiung County, Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County. The instruments used for data collection and analysis are the value of children scale(the value of having children), the value of children scale(the cost of having children) and demographic information. All statistics are computed by Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS12.0). Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Person’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression are utilized to evaluate and analyze between factors. The results indicated as follows:

A.The discussing for the value of children:
1.The value of having children
（1）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, “Power, Influence and Effectance”,“Primary group ties, affiliation”,“Stimulation, Novelty and Fun”and“Morality”is significantly higher than theoretical midpoint.
（2）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, compared with female inhabitants, males significantly recognize that to have children is for the purpose of “Economic utility”,“Social, Comparison and Competition”,“Life Continue”and “Creativity, Accomplishment and Competence”.
（3）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, the order more recognize to have children for the purpose of “Stimulation, Novelty and Fun”,“Primary group ties, affiliation”, “Morality”and “Life Continue”than the younger；the younger more recognize to have children for the purpose of“Economic utility”,“Social, Comparison and Competition”and “Creativity, Accomplishment and Competence”than the order.
（4）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who have different career status between“Economic utility”,“Social, Comparison and Competition”, “Primary group ties, affiliation”and “Creativity, Accomplishment and Competence”.
（5）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who have different personal month incomes on the value of having children.
（6）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who have different levels of education on “Primary group ties, affiliation”.
（7）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who have different religious beliefs between “Stimulation, Novelty and Fun”, “Economic utility”,“Social, Comparison and Competition”, “Primary group ties, affiliation”, “Morality”and“Creativity, Accomplishment and Competence”.
（8）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who live in different city between “Stimulation, Novelty and Fun”and “Morality”.
（9）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who are different ethnic between “Power, Influence and Effectance”and “Creativity, Accomplishment and Competence”.
（10）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, married inhabitants significantly more recognize that to have children is for the purpose of “Stimulation, Novelty and Fun”, “Primary group ties, affiliation”and “Morality”than unmarried；unmarried inhabitants significantly more recognize that to have children is for the purpose of “Economic utility”and “Creativity, Accomplishment and Competence”than married.
2.The cost of having children
（1）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, “Responsibility over children’s education” and “Lose personal freedom” is significantly higher than theoretical midpoint.
（2）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, compared with female inhabitants, males significantly recognize that the cost to have children is “Burden of growth”.
（3）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, the order not more recognize the cost of having children than the younger.
（4）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who have different career status between “Responsibility over children’s education”and “Burden of growth”； this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who have different personal month incomes between “Responsibility over children’s education” and “Lose personal freedom”； this is a significant discrepancy for inhabitants who have different levels of education between “Lose personal freedom” and the cost of having children scale.
（5）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, between “Responsibility over children’s education” , “Burden of growth”, “Lose personal freedom” and the cost of having children scale, there are significant discrepancies for inhabitants who live in different city and who have different religious beliefs.
（6）According to the sample in Taiwan south region, unmarried inhabitants significantly more recognize that the cost of having children than married.

B.The discussing for fertility expectation:
1.According to the sample in Taiwan south region, inhabitants expect to give birth to two children in the main.
2.According to the sample in Taiwan south region, female inhabitants have a little higher fertility expectation than males.
3.According to the sample in Taiwan south region, the order have higher fertility expectation than the younger.
4.According to the sample in Taiwan south region , there are significant discrepancies for inhabitants who have different career status , different personal month incomes, different religious beliefs, different marital status and are different ethnic on fertility expectation.
5.According to the sample in Taiwan south region , inhabitants recognize more the value of having children, the larger ideal number of children they expected to have. Inhabitants region recognize more the cost of having children, the smaller ideal number of children they expected to have.
6.According to the sample in Taiwan south region ,inhabitants who more recognized “Morality” as the value of having children expect to have larger ideal number of children.

並列關鍵字

the value of children ； the value of having children ； the cost of having children ； fertility expectation

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