跨國婚姻家庭的親職實踐與學校教育

本研究檢視台灣跨國婚姻家庭如何感受與回應社會對其的污名，又如何在這樣的情況下思考、實踐與協商親職，以深入訪談法，針對高雄市的九對跨國婚姻家庭之夫妻進行訪談，這些夫妻的小孩正處於國小階段。首先，研究發現當受訪者面對社會人士的歧視或質疑時，會產生內化、置身事外、例外化或批判等不同的因應策略；大致而言，跨國來台的東南亞移民女性感受大多較台籍丈夫更為深刻。本文也發現親職仍為一性別化的概念，但會因族群、階級而產生差異。在母職方面，族群的特殊性使女性與原生文化和社會關係產生斷裂，因而必須在理想移民母親的主體位置下協商有關養育及教育的女性特質；但母職的實踐方式，則因經濟與文化資本的差異，使得東南亞母親的實踐方式，存在著內在差異與階序性。父職方面，階級位置影響了男性參與父職的可近性與實踐度，社會結構與過往家庭的影響，深深左右了父職參與的多元性。親職與學校教育之銜接，由於教育組織預設父母應該無償地為學校教育而服務，握有資本優勢的家庭便在汲汲營營輔助孩童達成學校要求的過程中，得以進入宰制階級之門。教育組織也經由為學校服務的親職，成為文化資本與階級再製的推手。處於族群與性別不平等的環境之下，東南亞女性表面上被污名化視為不適任的母親，但卻兼負著教育孩子的重任，此種社會論述實質上忽略了東南亞移民女性運用多重細緻的策略，透過教育體系為孩子建立社會資本的事實。

關鍵字

跨國婚姻；親職；學校教育；性別；階級

並列摘要

This study is based on eighteen in-depth interviews with transnational family members, including nine wives of Southeast Asia nationalities and their Taiwanese husbands in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The author explores how they feel and respond parenthood in cross-border marriages when they confront the stigmas and hostilities in Taiwan. It also investigates under such circumstances, how these couples view , practice and negotiate with stigmatized parenthood. First of all, the author illustrates how these couples negotiate and challenge stigmas and hostilities in Taiwanese society. They use different strategies: such as interiorize, accepting but othering, against stereotypes, and criticism It also shows that, women feel much stronger than men about hostilities. Second, parenting is still a gendered idea, but the practice in everyday life would be diverse due to ethnicity or class. When parenting practices serve for schooling, education institutions reconstruct culture capital and social class for the next generation ‘New Taiwanese Children’. As a consequence, the seeming ‘neutral’ construction of parenthood obscures the fact that in the unequal, ethnocized stereotypes of ‘disqualified mothers’ and gendered division of labor in Taiwanese society, it is the Southeast Asian immigrant women who manipulate multiple strategies to establish capitals for their child(ren) by serving for school in sophisticated ways.