余從《戲曲聲腔劇種研究》中所列聲腔劇種共三百五十四種,半數係清代中葉後興起,足見清中葉於戲曲史之地位。「花部」、「雅部」最早出於旅居北京的文人吳長元所撰之《燕蘭小譜》,後人則以「花雅之爭」概稱清中葉之戲曲史。花雅之爭的研究,前人多以京腔在北京的流行、秦腔魏長生進京、徽班進京等三個事件,將花雅之爭分為三個階段。而「花雅之爭」的研究,應可自其他角度更全面地進行研究探討。文中提出花、雅的定義,並總結前人研究中關於「花雅之爭」的主要論述方式。前人的研究探討中,筆者發現京腔亦是「花部」又是「雅部」,於是接著探討京腔在「花雅之爭」中的歸類。「花雅之爭」不僅是劇種間的競爭,亦是了解「花部」、「雅部」互相消長的歷史。因此本文以演出環境的觀點提出來看「花雅之爭」,藉由史料重審及資料呈現探討花、雅兩部的消長情形。 上述之外,本文亦從劇目、劇本的角度探討「花雅之爭」,先自各時期產生劇目之多寡、劇本體制對戲曲發展的影響探討,後比較李玉《一捧雪》劇本的四個版本,探討不同體制劇本的變化。在前人現有研究基礎上,加以其他材料,對「花雅之爭」這一段重要的清中葉戲曲史做出更完整的補充。
More than half of the 354 drama genres listed in Yu Cong’s “Studies in Chinese Drama Genres” did not become prevalent until mid Qing dynasty. This suggests the special status of mid Qing dynasty in Chinese drama history. The terms Huabu and Yabu first appeared in “Yan-lan-xiao-pu” written by Wu Zhang-yuan, and the competition of Huabu and Yabu became representative in the drama history of middle Qing dynasty. There are three landmarks that represent the three stages of the Huabu-Yabu competition: Jingqiang’s popularization in Beijing, Wei Zhang-sheng’s arrival at Beijing, and Hui-ban’s arrival at Bejing. In this thesis, alternative points of view of the Huabu-Yabu competition are provided. First, the definitions of Huabu and Yabu are given. Then previous studies on the Huabu-Yabu competition are summarized. It is observed that Jingqiang belongs to Huabu and Yabu at same time, based on previous studies. Thus an important issue to be tackled is how Jingqiang can be categorized in the Huabu-Yabu competition.The Huabu-Yabu competition is more than the competition between Kunqu and other genres. From the perspective of the performing environment, we reinvestigate historical data. Therefore, we now have a clearer picture of the growth and decline of Huabu and Yabu. Moreover, this thesis also adopts a perspective of the repertoires and the play scripts. First, we discuss the effect of the number of repertoires and the forms of the play scripts on the development of drama. Then we compare the four versions of the play scripts of “Yi-peng-xue” to understand the change in different play script types. Based on previous studies and additional materials, this thesis gives us insight of the Huabu-Yabu competition, and complements the drama history of middle Qing dynasty.
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