歐盟指令下的擴大沒收發展研究

黃以政

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歐盟指令下的擴大沒收發展研究

The Development of Extended Confiscation under EU Directive

黃以政 , Masters　　Advisor：連孟琦　　

繁體中文

擴大沒收；歐盟指令；德國刑法；比例原則；平等原則；第三人沒收；不自證己罪原則；無罪推定原則；舉證責任轉換； Extended Confiscation ； EU Directive ； German Criminal Law ； Principle of Proportionality ； Principle of Equality ； Third Party Confiscation ； Nemo tenetur ； Presumption of Innocence ； Reverse Burden of Proof

Abstract │ Reference (104) │ Altmetrics

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The objective of extended confiscation is to deprive the proceeds of crime and thus achieve the purpose of combating crime. Directive 2014/42/EU is, therefore, be issued to improve the extended confiscation since Framework Decision 2005/212/JHA was not implemented effectively. As the Member State of EU, Germany has amended its Criminal Law to comply with the Directive in 2017. However, this paper believes that the extended confiscation in amended German Criminal Law not only inconsistent with the substantive meaning of the Directive but also violated the principle of equality and proportionality. Therefore, in promoting the implementation of extended confiscation, Taiwan should recognize the meaning of Directive carefully and refer German’s experience to avoid using this measure aggressively.
　　This paper believes that Taiwan at present should limit the implementation of extended confiscation as Germany did before 2017, such as being implemented in several serious crime preferentially. This paper also believes that Taiwan should follow the rules in the Directive and German Criminal Law regarding the burden of proof should be on the prosecutions, instead of the suspected or accused person. That is, the extended confiscation should be possible when the Court considers the specific circumstances of the case that the evidence provided by prosecutions. There is still no room for Reverse Burden of Proof in Taiwan’s criminal justice system, even though the burden of proof of extended confiscation is reduced.

Reference ( 104 ) 〈TOP〉

一、中文文獻
1. 專書
Gash, Tom著，堯嘉寧譯（2018），被誤解的犯罪學－從全球數據庫看犯罪心理及行為的十一個常見偏誤，台北：臉譜。[Gash, Tom. 2016. Criminal: The Truth About Why People Do Bad Things. London, United Kingdom: Allen Lane.]
Satzger, Helmut著，王士帆譯（2014），國際刑法與歐洲刑法，台北：元照。[
Satzger, Helmut. 2012. Internationales und Europäisches Strafrecht: Strafan-wendungsrecht, Europäisches Straf- und Strafverfahrensrecht, Völkerstrafrecht. 6. Auflage. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos.]

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