網路平台仇恨言論管制與言論自由

Online Hate Speech Regulation and Free Speech

林均(Lin, Chun)

指導教授 ： 范建得

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/科技法律研究所/碩士(2019年)

摘要

仇恨言論的概念，特別是網路仇恨言論，受到各國政府或國際機構的關注。學者，官僚和立法者都認為對於網路上仇恨言論是否應該受到監管仍然意見不一。任何言論管制都將不可避免地帶來言論自由的問題，例如政府能否提出管制仇恨言論的憲法正當性以。現今我們的大部分言論都是在網路上對話，因此政府需要網路平台的幫助來執行這些網路上的言論管制。這樣情形也會帶出私人審查言論的問題。
在這篇論文中，我將討論仇恨言論的概念以及它是否是一種應該受到管制的言論。本文將討論利用網路平台的來管制網路上仇恨言論管制的有效性與正當性。因為政府需要網路平台來管制言論，相關政策將賦予平台前所未見的私人審查言論權力權。本文將討論政府有無權力限制網路平台的的私人言論審查力量，並且如何確保限制網路平台權利時，仍然保護網路平台的商業利益和權利。最後，本論文將給出一個解決方案，確保網路上個人的言論自由受到保護，不被政府或私人言論審查侵害。

關鍵字

言論自由 ； 網路平台 ； 仇恨言論

並列摘要

The concept of hate speech, especially online hate speech, is a topic address by many governments or international authorities. Scholars, bureaucrats, and legislators all have different opinion on whether online hate speech should be regulated. Any speech regulation will inevitably bring forth the problem of free speech, such as can the government justified these regulations under the constitution. Because most of our public discourse is conducted online in these day, the government need the help of online platforms that host people’s speech to enforce these speech regulation. This will also bring out the problem of private censorship.
In this thesis, I will discuss the concept of hate speech and whether it is a kind of speech that should be regulated. Then this thesis will discuss the validity of the current online speech regulation that involves the help of online platforms. Because the government need the help of the online platforms and most of our discourse is now online, this give the online platforms unprecedent censorship power. This thesis will discuss can the government limit these power of private censorship but also protect the commercial interest and rights of the online platform. Finally, this thesis will give a solution that will ensure that everyone can exercise free speech without being censor by the government or private entity.

並列關鍵字

free speech ； online platform ； hate speech

參考文獻

Reference

A. In English

 Ashley A. Anderson, The “Nasty Effect:” Online Incivility and Risk Perceptions of Emerging Technologies, 19 Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 373, 383 (2014)

 Beth Elise Whitaker, Exporting the Patriot Act? Democracy and the 'War on Terror' in the Third World, 28 Third World Quarterly, 1017, 1026 (2007)

 Bernard Schwartz, Holmes Versus Hand: Clear and Present Danger or Advocacy of Unlawful Action?, 1994 Sup. Ct. Rev. 209, 240 (1994)