聚集現象-台灣科技產業實證分析

Agglomeration effect on the performance of High-tech firms in Taiwan

賴國華(Kuo-Hua Lai)

指導教授 ： 吳世英

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/經濟學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2007.00077

摘要

隨著各國產業聚落的現象, 我國自竹科發展後, 也在許多地區出現產業聚落的現象。 故本研究想以都市化、 區域化的外部性, 檢視科技廠商在聚集程度較高的地區, 是否真能對於其競爭力有所提升, 反應在經營績效上。
本文以1995、 1997 至1999 年工廠營運查資料的精密科技、半導體、 通訊以及電腦產業廠商為研究對象, 依Holmes(1999) 所提出衡量聚集的方式,先計算出各廠商在相同產業、 相關產業以及無關產業的聚集程度, 再將廠商營運變數納入, 包含研發投入、 廠商規模、 市場占有率、 廠齡等, 來分析廠商在營運表現 (資產報酬率、勞動生產力和附加價值的變化) 上的差異。實證方法採用雙因子固定縱橫資料分析 (panel data), 以台灣鄉、 鎮地區分布結構作探討。
實證結果發現, 區域化外部性和都市化外部性皆顯著, 顯示一個區域內不論是相同產業、 相關產業或是無關產業愈多, 對於整體廠商的經營績效皆有正面的幫助 (對於獲利率有正的影響, 對於勞動生長力以及附加價值則是沒有顯著的影響); 但若是由產業別來看的話, 則可以發現較明顯的趨勢。 在精密科技、半導體、以及通訊產業聚集的程度的提高, 對其經營績效有正面提升的效果, 然其影響並非是全面性的, 依產業別而變。但是在電腦產業所呈現的情況則是相反, 聚集程度的提高, 對於電腦產業的營運績效有負向的影響。在區域化和都市化經濟的比較上, 呈現區域化經濟的外部性對於科技產業較有明顯的效果。

關鍵字

聚集效果 ； 新竹科學園區

並列摘要

Taiwan’s high-tech firms have gradually agglomerated in several key regions since the Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park (HSIP) was established. Based on the concepts of urbanization externality and localization externality, this thesis investigates whether a firm can improve its competitiveness by being located in a district of high industrial agglomeration. Therefore, this thesis evaluates the effects of industrial agglomeration on various indices of a firm’s performance. Utilizing the 1995, 1997, 1998 and 1999 Industrial Statistical Survey Report,this thesis focuses on the industries of precision technology, semiconductor, communication and computer. We utilize Holmes (1999) to calculate the degree of industrial agglomeration by classifying firms into the same industry, relevant industries and unrelated industries.We adopt the two factor fixed panel model to estimate the effect of industrial agglomeration as well as the effects of other firm characteristics, including R&D, sales, market shares and a firm’s age, on a firm’s performance.
Our empirical results prove that a firm receives a higher externality and more advantages to performance when more of firms in the same industry, relevant industry or unrelated industries are located in the same region. Both urbanization and localization externality cause significant influences on a firm’s performance. Therefore our findings are consistent with the implications of MAR externality and Jacobs externality effect hypothesis. Furthermore, we estimate the agglomeration effects for each industry and find even more significant effects for some industries. The degree of agglomeration has a positive influence on the performance of firms in the precision technology, semiconductor, andcommunication industries. However, we find an opposite effect for the computer industry. The degree of agglomeration causes a negative influence on the performance of the computer industry. As for the effects of the urbanization externality and the localization externality, the localization externality exerts a more significant in.uence on the high-tech industries in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

agglomeration effect ； Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park

參考文獻

詹立宇、 張明宗、 徐之強, Vertical Disintegration and Industry Agglomer-ation in Taiwan’s Manufacturing Sector, 經濟論文叢刊, 32(4), 2004,483-511.

詹立宇, 產業聚集效應對就業創造之影響-台灣製造業的實證, 人文及社會科學集刊, 17(4), 2005, 683-713.

詹立宇、郭迺鋒, 產業聚集效應對就業創造之影響- 台灣製造業的實證, 台灣經濟學會論文, 2003.

許財良, 廠商創新能力、產業發展與政府科技政策對科學園區廠商競爭優勢及績效影響之研究, 成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文, 2002.

吳淑貞, 產業網絡、群聚現象與企業競爭力關係之研究- 以兩岸製鞋業為例, 中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文, 2002.