國家運動代表隊的法律問題研究：以台灣之相關議題為中心

Legal Issues on Athletes of National Teams - Cases, Problems and Practice in Taiwan

吳可鈞(Wu, Ko Chun)

指導教授 ： 黃居正

國立清華大學/科技管理學院/科技法律研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

我國國家運動代表隊長期接受政府的各項獎助與輔導措施，致使原本應屬民間體育運動組織之社團自主事務範圍者，例如：代表隊組訓，運動組織的運作，以及賽會籌辦等相關事務，常可見到公權力運作的痕跡。本研究從我國的體育法規體系談起，討論幾個國家代表隊相關實務上的法律議題，譬如國光體育獎章、運動員徵召和補充役制度等等。接續，本研究整理當前我國法院判例或行政訴願案件中，有關國家代表隊或是體育運動專業事務者，包括國家運動代表隊的法律上身分認定與國家賠償，運動社團內部處分與紀律懲戒的法律救濟等問題，藉此一覽我國司法和行政部門對於所謂「國家隊」的法律定性，以及面對運動事務相關紛爭時的處理原則。最後，透過對澳洲法院案例的比較研究，藉此理解其他法律文化看待運動代表隊選拔爭端的視角與法律見解。

關鍵字

國家運動代表隊 ； 國家代表隊 ； 代表隊選拔 ； 運動法 ； 體育法規 ； 運動組織 ； 體育團體 ； 單項運動協會 ； 人民團體法 ； 社團罰

並列摘要

Being selected as a national representative means a great honour to the athlete. For the private sport governing bodies, selection and training of national team members are their essential jobs. However, these ‘private’ sports organizations were used to be controlled by the public authoritative sectors in Taiwan, and continue to run under local government agency’s supervision or guide. This study aims to clarify on what grounds can Taiwanese government claim its legitimacy on intervention in private sporting affairs; moreover, to settle the legal issues derived from national teams related disputes.

To analyze government’s role in sporting affairs and its practice in Taiwan, this article begins with the discussion on the normative structure which built upon statutory regulations such as the National Sports Act, the Civil Code, the Civil Associations Act and other relevant administrative rules. The research of these regulations helps to explain the official authority’s duties and the legal nature of sporting associations. Followed by introducing some judicial cases raised by athletes or sports associations, this study explores domestic courts’ opinions on national athletic teams and sporting events related disputes to figure out the common approach of the judicial review on sporting affairs. Finally, through a comparative study on Australian cases, this article focuses on the critical characteristic of contracts in sports area and contract law’s application on selection policy and selection agreement.

This study discovers that: first, the government is obligated to provide necessary aids and supervisory measures to private sports organizations but the public sectors only have limited duties and power on private sporting affairs, including national athletic teams related business; second, courts tend to be reluctant to intervene in private sporting organisations’ domestic disputes unless there is a breach of statutory regulations or there are some factors connecting with the administrative disposition. In conclusion, the domestic sport governing bodies in Taiwan, as the cornerstone of sports area, have to take main responsibilities of national teams affairs and shall perform good governance in organisation administrations.

並列關鍵字

selection dispute ； selection policy ； selection agreement ； sports dispute ； disciplinary sanction ； national athletic team ； sport governing body ； sport association ； sports law

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