利用奈米線及奈米粒子提升染料敏化太陽能電池效率研究

Researches on the Performance Improvements of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Nanowires and Nanoparticles

吳俊毅(Chiun-Yi Wu)

指導教授 ： 林滄浪

國立清華大學/原子科學院/工程與系統科學系/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2010.00100

摘要

本研究主要發展奈米線、奈米管、奈米顆粒等材料，並將之應用於染製作料敏化太陽能電池的陽極與陰極。我們利用Polyo製程成長出一維結構的銀奈米線，進一步利用合成好的銀奈米線為模板以氧化還原的方法將金離子還原在銀線的表面形成一維中空或多孔結構的金奈米管線，並藉由SEM、TEM與XRD分析了解其反應成長的機制。另外我們也利用不同的包覆劑(CTAB與SDS)合成出具有分支狀結構的銀奈米線。我們將上述合成的奈米複合材料混合二氧化鈦商用奈米粒子(P25)，並經燒結製作染料敏化太陽能電池的陽極。研究結果顯示有參入奈米線的太陽能電池其效率由3.8 %提升至4.8 %；參入有25 %取代量(金取代銀)的金-銀奈米管線的太陽能電池其效率由4.1 %提升至4.9 %；參入有50 %取代量的金奈米管線的太陽能電池其效率由4.1 %提升至4.5 %；參入有100 %取代量的金奈米管線的太陽能電池其效率由4.1 %提升至4.3 %。研究顯示雖然用金原子取代銀原子的奈米管線可增加長波長的光吸收，但可能因取代作用形成多孔隙且多晶形的奈米管線具有許多晶界及缺陷，反而影響電子傳導，對效率的提升反而比不上純銀奈米線的提升效果。

我們亦發展製作具核殼結構的鉑釕觸媒(Rucore-Ptshell)奈米粒子用於製作染料敏化太陽能電池的陰極，研究結果發現使用薄殼的奈米觸媒粒子作為陰極相較於使用純白金電極可大幅提升染料敏化太陽能電池的效率，率可由4.3 %提升至5.7 %，利用循環伏安法曉得此類觸媒對於I2/I3-的催化作用遠高於純白金粒子的催化反應，因此可提高染料敏化太陽能電池的效率。

關鍵字

染料敏化太陽能電池 ； 奈米線 ； 奈米顆粒

並列摘要

In this study, we have synthesized gold-silver nanowires, and Ru-Pt core-shell nanoparticles material for applications in dye-sensitized solar cell. First, we used Polyol process to synthesis silver nanowires. The synthesized silver nanowires were used as templates to synthesize porus gold-silver nanostructured wires by reducing gold ions on the surface of silver nanowires. The synthesized gold-silver nanowires were studied by SEM, TEM, and XRD for structural characterization. Fractal-like silver nanomaterials were also synthesized using mixed surfactants of CTAB and SDS. In this study, DSSC anode was fabricated by mixing the commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles (P25) with the synthesized metallic nanomaterial. It was found that the efficiency of the DSSC with the addition of gold-silver nanowires in the adode could increase from 4.1% to 4.8% for silver nanowires, 4.1% to 4.9% for the 25% replacement nanowires (silver replaced by gold), 4.1% to 4.5% for the 50% replacement nanowires, and 4.1% to 4.3% for 100% replacement nanowires. Although porus gold-silver nanowires have broader and higher absorption spectra at long wavelength, the porus gold-silver nanowires have grain-like structures with many crystal boundaries and defects. These drawbacks might reduce the efficiency of the electron transportation. The overall efficiency may be slightly higher by using the 25% replacement nanowires, and gets worse with 50% and 100% replacement nanowires.
Also, we have synthesized Ru-Pt core-shell catalysts (Rucore-Ptshell) to be used for the DSSC cathode. By using the Ru-Pt core-shell catalysts as the DSSC cathode could significantly enhance the efficiency as compared with the Pt nanoparticle cathode. By using Ru-Pt core-shell catalysts as the cathode, the DSSC efficiency can be increased from 4.3% to 5.7%. By cyclic voltammetry, we found that the Ru-Pt core-shell catalysts could significantly enhance I2/I3- catalysis that the Pt nanoparticles catalysts.

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