從語言地理類型學看閩南語語法

Southern Min Grammar in Areal Perspective

陳彥伶(Yen-Ling Chen)

指導教授 ： 曹逢甫

國立清華大學/人文社會學院/語言學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2010.00561

摘要

本文從語言地理類型學的角度出發，旨在檢視閩南語與侗台語間相似的語言特徵。我們發現閩南語中某些語言結構，如後位修飾、比較句等，雖貌似壯侗語/侗台語族，但實乃古漢語的遺跡，而有些語言結構，則確確實實是受到底層侗台語民族所影響，其中又以給予動詞的語法化演變方向最為顯著。除此之外，我們認為南方漢語方言給予動詞的不同，反應出底層民族的差異，雖然南方各漢語方言的底層民族全屬侗台語族，但應分屬侗台語系裡的不同語支。

本論文共分為六章。第一章為緒論，第二章回顧中國南方地區的歷史背景、民族分佈，並簡述語言接觸相關理論，第三至五章則為閩南語語法分析，以侗台語系中的泰語作為比較對象，分析這兩種語言的共性及殊性。第六章為結論，同時提及了未來值得深入研究的方向。

關鍵字

給予動詞 ； 語法化 ； 底層效應 ； 詞彙重整

並列摘要

This study aims to explore Southern Min from an areal perspective in order to identify certain linguistic traits shared by Minnan and Tai-Kadai stock as well. Some shared traits in Southern Min, such as reversed modification and comparatives, have been revealed to be retentions of Chinese in the ancient times, instead of Tai-Kadai interference. In contrast, some linguistic features shared by Southern Min and Tai-Kadai, such as the grammatical pathways of ‘give’, are indeed influenced substratum effect. Moreover, different word choices of grammaticalized ‘give’ in southern Sinitic languages are suggested to result from different substratum Yue groups belonging to different branches within the Tai-Kadai language family.

This thesis consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction, Chapter 2 provides the historical and linguistic orientation, and gives a brief account of how different ethnicities have dwelled together in south China while Chapter 3, 4 and 5 describe and discuss Southern Min from an areal perspective. Chapter 6 is the conclusion, which also deals with the direction for further research.

並列關鍵字

Giving verb ； Grammaticalization ； Substratum effect ； Relexification

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