聯合國氣候變化綱要第三次締約國大會透過京都議定書引進碳排放權交易制度,希望以本制度創造經濟上的誘因,使附件一國家以成本有效的方式進行溫室氣體排放減量。京都議定書第2.1條明確指出附件一國家進行溫室氣體排放減量之目的係為了促進永續發展,但身為京都議定書精髓的碳排放權交易制度是否確實得協助附件一國家達成此目標?諸多學者對此理想之達成抱持著質疑的態度。本文擬從國際法規範之發展尋找以碳排放權交易制度促進永續發展的正當性,並從排放權交易運作之原理、原則證明以碳排放權交易制度促進永續發展的可行性。本文發現,唯有當碳排放權交易制度滿足特定條件時始能發揮促進永續發展之功效。 本文透過比較制度與比較法分析國際間最具備代表性之五個(碳)排放權交易制度,並以各制度之經驗探究我國應如何使未來建立之制度符合法治、有效運作並促進永續發展。本文以各國之立法經驗檢視我國與建立碳排放權交易制度潛在相關之法律:包含空氣污染防制法與溫室氣體減量法(草案)。本文希冀,就我國未來應如何建立一個符合國情與永續理念,且能與國際接軌的碳排放權交易制度提出具體的建議。
The legal institution of carbon trading, introduced by the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is expected to provide a cost-effective way of GHG reduction in the Annex I Countries. Article 2(1) of the Kyoto Protocol clearly defines that the main purpose for the Annex I Countries taking actions in achieving their individual quantified emission limitations and reduction commitments is to promote sustainable development of these countries. However, whether the carbon trading introduced by the Kyoto Protocol qualifies to do so is still under debate. This thesis demonstrates the legitimacy from the development of international environmental norms and the applicability from the theory of a tradable pollution permits scheme. The thesis proves that the carbon trading can promote sustainable development only when certain conditions are fulfilled. After illustrating the relationship between carbon trading and sustainable development, the thesis investigates five typical legal institutions of carbon trading; two are under UNFCCC while the others are not. From the comparative law, the thesis endeavors to establish a framework of feasible legal institutions, which is in compliance with the rule of law and in observance of a sustainable development perspective. In the end, the thesis, by means of the framework, checks two potential legal documents for building domestic legal institutions: “the Air Pollution Control Act” and “the Draft Greenhouse Gas Reduction Acts.” The finding described in this thesis provides useful information for building a feasible legal institution of carbon trading in Taiwan.
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