KIM檢核表納入靜態姿勢評級點數調整之試探

The Adding of Static Posture Rating Point Adjustment into KIM Checklist

許志鵬(Zhi-Peng Xu)

指導教授 ： 游志雲

國立清華大學/工學院/工業工程與工程管理學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本研究之目的為試圖將KIM檢核表加入靜態姿勢評級點數調整參數，使KIM檢核表更準確。KIM檢核表是一個很簡潔、準確的工作負荷評估工具，在北歐經過縝密的評估與使用測試，在台灣也廣泛推廣，是目前最具潛力的肌肉骨骼危害評估工具。然而KIM有待改進之處在於無法反應靜態作業的疲勞效應:只要是相同的工作總時間，KIM檢核表評估的靜態作業風險值與動態作業風險值是相同的。然而學理上靜態作業會比動態作業勞累:動態作業的作業週期(動作+休息)較短，動作所產生的氧債較少，能夠完全在休息期間償還，乳酸不會堆積；而靜態作業的作業週期較長，氧債累積較多，無法在休息期間完全償還，乳酸逐漸堆積，導致疲勞。因此本研究試圖在KIM檢核表加入靜態作業評級點數調整參數，以改進這個缺失。
本研究的方法承襲李諭勳(2012)所提出的KIM LHCver.2修正檢核表，加以擴充，試探在彎腰30°和45°的靜態作業姿勢評級點數之調整參數。本研究設計疲勞感受實驗比較5組靜態作業（實驗組）和1組動態作業（對照組），以改良式Borg-CR10主觀疲勞感受來修正KIM的風險值，經由與對照組相同疲勞感受之持續時間來做靜態評級點數的調整。作業形式設定為以手握持1公斤的管子鉗進行接頭螺拴的組裝。動作與休息的時間比例為2:1，5組靜態實驗組分別為:0.5分:0.25分、2分:1分、5分:2.5分、10分:5分和15分:7.5分；動態對照組為0.2分:0.1分。動態對照組的最大可持續時間設定為2小時。在付費與獎勵的激勵下，10名年輕男子應邀擔任受測者。這五組實驗結果再以連續型指數曲線加以平滑。
研究結果顯示:在靜態姿勢動作時間小於1分鐘、3分鐘、6分鐘、12分鐘以及大於12分鐘時，彎腰30°的調整點數分別為0分、1分、1分、2分以及3分；而彎腰45°的調整點數分別為1分、1分、2分、3分以及3分。最後再以這個結果來檢驗4個實際的靜態彎腰作業案例。檢驗結果顯示，KIM LHC在納入靜態姿勢評級點數調整後，其評估全身性靜態作業的敏感度與準確性明顯提升。

關鍵字

KIM 檢核表 ； 工作負荷評估 ； 肌肉骨骼危害評估工具 ； 疲勞感受實驗

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is attempting to add static posture adjustment rating points onto KIM checklist to increase its accuracy. KIM checklist is a very simple, accurate workload assessment tool. It has been carefully evaluated and tested in Nordic countries, widely promoted in Taiwan, and is considered as the most promising checklist in musculoskeletal Disorders assessment. Nevertheless, KIM has one shortcoming of not being able to reflect the effect of fatigue due to static posture: For the same total work time, the risk score for static work is the same as dynamic work. However, in theory, static work is more fatiguing than dynamic work : the job cycle (motion period+ rest period) of dynamic work is short, the oxygen debt arising from the motion period can be fully replenished during the following rest period, therefore no lactic acid is accumulated；on the other hand, the job cycle of static work is long, the oxygen debt arising from the motion period can not be fully replenished during the following rest period, significant lactic acid is accumulated over time, and lead to fatigue. For this reason, therefore, this study attempts to add an adjustment rating point to KIM checklist so as to increase its accuracy regarding the assessment of static work.
In succeeding to the methodology of KIM LHCver.2 proposed by Yu-Hsun Li(2012), this study takes a step further to investigate the adjustment rating points owing to 30 ° and 45 ° flexion of static posture. An experiment of exhausting fatigue in comparing 5 levels of static work (experiment group) against a dynamic work (control group) was undertaken, the modified Borg-CR10 subjective scale was used to adjust the KIM, by equating the fatigue feeling of the 5 levels of static work against the dynmic work at the moment of exhausting. The designated work was to simulate the assemblage a pipe connector using a 1Kg wrench. The ratio of motion to rest in a work cycle is 2:1, the 5 levels of static works are 0.5 min.:0.25 min., 2 min.:1 min., 5 min.:2.5 min., 10 min.:5 min. and 15 min.:7.5 min.；the dynamic work is 0.2 min.:0.1 min. The maximum sustainable time of dynamic work is set to 2 hours. Ten fit young males was recruited as subjects, pay and reward incentives for participation. Upon the completion of this experiment, the results were graphed and then smoothed using continuous exponential curve to derive the adjustment scores.
The results show: for the motion period less than 1 min., 3 min. 6 min. 12 min. or over 12 min. the correspondent adjustment score for 30° flexion is 0 point, 1point, 1 point, 2 points, or 3 points; for 45°flexion is 1 point, 1point, 2 point, 3 points, or 3 points. Finally, the results of this experiment were used to validate 4 field works with static flexion postures, the validation shows that after the incorporation of static posture adjustment scores, the accuracy of KIM LHC is improved.

並列關鍵字

KIM checklist ； Workload assessment ； WMSD checklist ； experiment of exhausting fatigue

參考文獻

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