以系統工程思維進行山坡地開發規劃評估

本文以系統工程的思維進行一處山坡地開發的規劃評估。試將系統工程的程序步驟套入本研究農地的開發工程，期此地在僅有的資源與限制中發揮最大的效用，並成為一件具有整體與系統思維並符合所有政府相關認證規章的開發案。系統工程為一注重跨領域與分工合作的工程學，最早可追溯到1940年的貝爾實驗室，早期概念係為了識別一個系統的整體特性的需求，而使各種產業採用這門學科（尤其美國軍事發展企業）。換句話說，系統工程是一個跨多門學科領域的工程學/工程管理學科，透過系統性思考建構一個知識體系，使執行者在處理複雜且龐大的專案時能以全盤性的思維減少衝突發生，使專案達成最高效益。但就系統工程的文獻資料來看，較多人以系統工程規劃分析軍事國防系統或是交通系統，農業系統工程多數出現在美國或中國大陸等較具規模的農業產量國家。本研究認為不論農業用地的大小與產量的多寡，系統工程是可以被引用並執行的。本論文參考系統工程需求文件審查點的評估山坡地開發從初步的專案建立，到後來專案的規劃再到後續的系統概念的設計，一方面是從無到有，規劃一套由各次系統組成的完整大系統；另一方面則是從最初的系統設計，到後續的品質維持，再到最後顧客使用的妥善率。並以自身經歷依照上述規劃程序實際操演一處山坡地開發的案例（因時間、經費等因素，將只探討山坡地整地、水資源與果樹等相關作業評估）。論文中以自身經驗表列出山坡地開發案在專案建立（SFR）、專案規劃（PDR）與系統概念設計（CDR）所需要的輸入考量因素與輸出文件，並在各階段納入系統發展的審查點，以確保系統在設計規劃中進行，並能在即時修正欲修改的部分。

關鍵字

系統工程；山坡地開發；系統思維； SFR ； PDR ； CDR

並列摘要

In this paper, a planning evaluation of a hillside development is carried out with the thinking of systems engineering. Try to integrate the procedural steps of the system engineering into the project of the development of this researcher’s farmland, hoping that this place will exert the greatest effect in the only resources and limitations, and become a piece of holistic and systematic thinking that conforms to all governments Development of related certification regulations. System engineering is an engineering that focuses on cross-field and division of labor. It can be traced back to Bell Labs in 1940. The early concept is to identify the needs of the overall characteristics of a system, and various industries adopt this discipline (especially the US military development). In other words, systems engineering is an engineering/engineering management discipline that spans multiple disciplines. Through systematic thinking, a knowledge system is constructed so the executor can use comprehensive thinking to reduce the occurrence of conflicts when dealing with complex and huge projects. Make the project to reach the highest benefit. However, as far as the literature of systems engineering is concerned, more people analyze military and defense systems or transportation systems with systems engineering planning. Most agricultural systems engineering appear in the United States or China and other countries with larger agricultural production. This study believes that systems engineering can be used in agricultural development. This thesis refers to the evaluation of the system engineering requirements document review point. Hillside development starts from the initial project establishment, to the later project planning and then to the subsequent system concept design. On the one hand, it starts from scratch and plans a set of systems composed of various systems. On the other hand, it is from the initial system design to the subsequent quality maintenance, and then to the proper rate of used by customer. And based on his own experience in accordance with the above planning procedures to actually perform a case of slope-land development (due to time, funding and other factors, only the evaluation of slope-land preparation, water resources and fruit trees will be discussed). This research is based on its own experience to list the input considerations and output documents required for the project establishment (SFR), project planning (PDR) and system conceptual design (CDR) of the hillside development project, and include the system development review at each stage point to ensure that the system is carried out in the design and planning, and can be real time modified to what the customer really wants.