本研究從壓力互動模式的觀點,探討九二一地震後兒童的生活壓力經驗之現況,並且比較災區兒童和非災區兒童、以及不同受災程度兒童目前所經驗到的生活壓力之差異。 本研究採用調查研究法,採立意取樣的方式,分別以南投地區266名以及北部地區260名國小五、六年級學童為災區樣本和非災區樣本,並且依據家人傷亡情況與房屋受損情況兩個受災程度指標,將災區樣本再區分為高受災組與低受災組進行比較。研究工具包括「基本資料調查表」及「生活壓力問卷」,經由單因子變異數分析與事前比較所得之結果如下: 一、 災區兒童的生活壓力事件總數和生活壓力總分與非災區兒童無顯著差異。災區兒童的「家庭-父母問題」壓力事件數量與壓力分數顯著高於非災區兒童,「環境與社會」及「學校」兩類壓力事件數量與壓力分數顯著低於非災區兒童,「家庭-資源剝奪」壓力事件數量和壓力分數與非災區兒童無顯著差異,而「同儕關係」壓力事件數量顯著高於非災區兒童,但壓力分數與非災區兒童無顯著差異。 二、 高受災兒童的生活壓力事件總數和生活壓力總分顯著高於低受災兒童。高受災兒童的「家庭-父母問題」及「同儕關係」兩類壓力事件數量與壓力分數顯著高於低受災兒童,「環境與社會」及「學校」兩類壓力事件數量和壓力分數與低受災兒童無顯著差異,而「家庭-資源剝奪」壓力事件數量與低受災兒童無顯著差異,但壓力分數顯著高於低受災兒童。 在討論的部份,說明研究結果不符合本研究假設的可能原因,以及本研究的發現,檢討本研究的限制,並且提出未來兒童壓力研究及臨床心理實務工作的思考方向。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the life stress experience of children after 921 Earthquake. By purposive sampling, life stress questionnaire was administered to 266 and 260 grade 5-6 students living in Nan-tou ( the earthquake area ) and north Taiwan ( less affected area ) respectively. The students in Nan-tou were divided into two groups according to the extent of loss. ANOVA and planned comparisons were used to test the hypotheses. The results were as follows: (1) No significant differences were found on the total stress scores, the Family-Resource Deprivation scores, and the Peer Stress scores between the children in Nan-tou and the children in north Taiwan. The Family-Parents’ Problems scores of the children in Nan-tou were significantly higher than the scores of the children in north Taiwan, and the Environment-and-Society Stress scores and the School Stress scores of the children in Nan-tou were significantly lower than the scores of the children in north Taiwan. (2) Total stress scores, the Family-Parents’ Problems scores, the Family- Resource Deprivation scores, and the Peer Stress scores of the high-loss group were significantly higher than the scores of the low-loss group. None of the differences on the Environment-and-Society Stress scores and the School Stress scores between the high-loss group and the low-loss group were significant. The findings and the limitations of this study were discussed, with suggestions for future research and clinical practice.
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