模糊多評準決策應用於研發聯盟發展 策略評估之研究–以我國中小企業為例－

Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Evaluating the Performance of Research and development Consortia Developing Strategies in Taiwan Small and medium Enterprises

萬家慶(Chia-Chin Wan)

指導教授 ： 謝龍發

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400300

摘要

中小企業在我國產業結構中佔有高達98%的比例，由於資金的缺乏、人力資源和組織規模的不足，值此經濟環境已朝全球化發展及台灣加入世界貿易組織之際，已面臨更嚴峻的競爭環境。全球化的競爭條件講求的就是速度與規模，中小企業應積極進行策略性的研發聯盟，以有效互補與統合企業間彼此資源、加速人才交流運用，透過合作，共同開發所需要的技術能力，擴大研發之綜效，進而提升產業競爭力。然而推動推動研發聯盟牽涉數家企業在加入聯盟之策略規劃、聯盟夥伴選擇、聯盟介面管理、法令規範及政府措施等層面問題，因此如何有效並成功推動研發聯盟運作成為重要課題。
本研究從學術研究角度，透過文獻整理、問卷調查分析，整合政府、專家學者及產業不同群體意見，建立了一套客觀、週延及整體性的中小企業研發聯盟評估準則層級架構，共五大構面及二十項評估準則。並針對該三個群體計二十六位受訪者進行問卷調查，藉由層級分析法( AHP)，求得不同群體對於評估準則權重值，瞭解其進行研發聯盟評估所考慮項目重要程度。並結合模糊多評準決策法(FMCDM)，導出政府推動研發聯盟策略方案綜合效用值並予以排序，進行我國中小企業研發聯盟發展策略之評估。研究結果發現：
一、中小企業進行研發聯盟的主要考慮層面為企業策略規劃、聯盟夥伴選擇、聯盟介面管理等三項，次要考慮層面則為法令規範、政府措施等兩項。
二、互信程度、資源互補、產出分配公平性及競爭合作關係等四項，是中小企業進行研發聯盟主要考慮之重點（評估準則），且具有相當共識度。
三、面對全球化競爭及科技快速進步的環境，中小企業在透過聯盟方式互補有無，分擔研發投資風險及面臨跨公司聯盟型態運作之際，應加強對「溝通機制與制度」、「分散風險」等兩項評估準則之重視程度。
四、不同的產業類別對於評估準則會有不同考量。而不同的研發計畫標的，也會因研發計畫之創新程度、技術複雜程度、前瞻性、不確定性、研發時程長短、投資金額大小及參與聯盟成員屬性等因素，對於評估準則會有不同重視程度。
五、「研擬研發聯盟專法，設立研發法人機構，健全研發聯盟法制」、「由研究機構推動及協調整合聯盟參與者」、「協助產業建立研發管理及成果歸屬、運用方式之共同契約版本」、「提供多元化優惠誘因制度」及「政府協尋合作夥伴並媒合聯盟」等五項策略應積極推動，將有利於研發聯盟之發展。

關鍵字

研發聯盟 ； 層級分析法 ； 模糊多評準決策 ； 中小企業

並列摘要

While entering WTO, Taiwan has become one of the members in the international community of globalization. The medium & small enterprises, which accounts for 98 % of Taiwan industry are facing even more competition due to insufficient capital, human resources, and limited organization scale. To achieve competitive edges for the globalization requires efficiency in doing business and scale in industry development; meanwhile, medium & small enterprises should aggressively form a strategic R&D consortia so as to effectively consolidate resources to jointly develop technical capabilities to multiply the synergy, improving industry competitiveness in the end. Formation of the strategic R&D consortia , however, involves various aspects of issues such as strategic planning, making choice of partners, consortia interface management, government policies and regulations, etc. How to effectively promote the R&D consortia has thus become an important subject for further study.
From the angle of academic research, this study has established an objective, sound, and overall system for evaluating R&D consortia through papers and documents gathering, questionnaires survey and analysis, and collecting expertise and viewpoints from Government officials, specialists, scholars, and industrialists. As a result, it comes up with five levels of structure and twenty evaluating principles for forming R&D consortia. Furthermore, the survey was conducted on twenty-six interviewers, covering three categories, which are government, school, and the industry. Analysis Hierarchy Process （AHP） was applied to determine the weighted values of various samples and then to understand the importance of every consideration in conducting the R&D consortia evaluation. Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making（FMCDM） was also utilized to work out the effectiveness of each strategic course of action and sort them out to evaluate the R&D consortia strategy tailored for the Medium & Small Enterprises of Taiwan. The findings of this study is summarized as follows:
1.In pursuit of R&D consortia and evaluation, the major consideration for Medium & Small Enterprises goes to three categories, i.e., company strategic planning, selection of partners, and management of alliance interface. And then, secondary consideration goes to government policies and regulations.
2.In pursuit of R&D consortia, the key points of consideration for Medium & Small Enterprises comprises four categories, i.e. mutual trust, mutual support of resources, equalization of business outcome, and the collaboratively competitive relationship, in which certain extent of consensus can be reached.
3.While seeking for forming the alliance to consolidate resources and sharing risks in the midst of global competition and technology revolution, the Medium and Small Enterprises have to put more emphasis on two evaluating principles- “ Communications Mechanism and System” and “ Risk Sharing”.
4.There should be different evaluating principles for different industrial sectors. Similarly, Considering different goals of R&D planning in terms of levels of innovation, technical complex, foresightedness, uncertainty, project duration, investment amount, and attribute of alliance members, there should also be varied extent of emphasis for evaluating principles.
5.To facilitate the development of R&D consortia, the following are five strategies requiring be actively promoted:
-To draft R&D alliance related regulations, set up R&D organization, and ensure the development of a sound R&D alliance system.
-To have study groups taking lead to promote R&D activities and coordinate members of alliance.
-To help the industry draw out the general terms & conditions of contract in governing R&D management, outcome sharing, and methods of application.
-To provide multiform privilege and incentive systems.
-To make government assist the industry in finding suitable partners

並列關鍵字

Medium & Small Enterprises ； R&D consortia ； Fuzzy ； Analysis Hierarchy Process

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