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  • 學位論文

擁擠效果對大陸台商在不同產業群聚績效之影響

The Impact of Congestion effect on the performance of Taiwanese Businessman in different industrial cluster of China

指導教授 : 郭怡君
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摘要


中國改革開放之後吸引了許多外商投資,因此許多台灣廠商紛紛到大陸進行投資。早期到大陸投資的台商以外銷導向為主,因此投資地點主要集中在開放較早以及交通便利的沿海地區,產業群聚因此形成。產業群聚可以使企業的經營要素集中,快速建立其核心能力,使廠商以有限的資源進行大規模的生產以達到規模經濟。但一旦群聚達到臨界數量,可能會轉呈負的外部性,像是規模不經濟及要素擁擠等現象。根據經濟學的定義,要素擁擠指的是當增加一種或多種投入,卻沒有使產出增加的狀況。擁擠是一種嚴重技術無效率的現象,導致擁擠的原因主要為生產要素配置不當,因此擁擠可能是影響公司經營績效的原因之一。 本研究欲探討在大陸投資的台商其經營績效是否受到要素擁擠的影響。使用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)作為衡量台商經營效率的工具,先比較總體樣本廠商之相對效率值,及探討相對無效率的廠商無效率的來源,接著透過傳統DEA模式與擁擠模式下的相對效率差異,判斷台商在大陸是否存在擁擠現象。並且進一步探討擁擠效果對不同產業群聚及產業特性是否有不同的影響,以及擁擠來源是否有所差異。 本研究選擇珠江三角洲及長江三角洲作為產業群聚的代表;並將產業特性分為傳統產業及非傳統產業。本研究發現樣本廠商總技術效率值偏低,主要原因來自於純技術效率與擁擠效率,與規模效率無關。且長江三角洲及珠江三角洲的擁擠程度有顯著差異,但傳統產業及非傳統產業則無顯著差異,表示擁擠效果對廠商經營績效的影響受到不同群聚地區廠商特質差異之影響。

並列摘要


China has reformed its economy and started transformation from a planned, Taking the advantages of proximity and low labor cost, many companies invested in China. As a matter of fact, most of the clusters are located in coastal area, either beside a highway or very close to a port. Industry cluster able to establish the company's core capabilities quickly, and the competitiveness of the industrial cluster mainly comes from the low-cost advantage of economies of scale. However, once firms get started on a continual successfully, they will expand production, which will aggravate congestion problems. Congestion, as used in economics, refers to situations where increases in one or more inputs generate no increase in one or more outputs. Congestion is the serious technical inefficiency, it may be one of the reasons that affects the company's performance. This study tries to check the impact of congestion effect on the performance of Taiwanese businessman in different industrial cluster of China. This paper employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) methods and congestion model to measure the relative efficiency of Taiwanese businessman in 2009. The purpose of this paper is to measure overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and congestion efficiency effects of these companies. In this study, we want to compare with Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta; and compare with traditional industries and non-traditional industries; the congestion effect is different impact in these clusters and industries. Empirical results show that congestion occurs in Taiwanese Businessman, and the values of input congestion are significantly different between Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, but it not significantly different between traditional industries and non-traditional industries.

參考文獻


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