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  • 學位論文

超音波測距系統與降低餘振效應之雙模式前置處理積體電路結構設計

Design of an ultrasonic ranging system and front-end integrated circuit architecture for dual-mode operation with ringing effect reduction

指導教授 : 鍾文耀
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摘要


此論文研究設計類比式與數位式兩種超音波測距系統。類比式40 kHz 超音波驅動與接收回波之系統電路設計,可以應用在車用倒車系統電路,亦可應用在機器人、工業自動機台與汽車防撞系統等。此電路系統由一台電子控制主機與六組超音波驅動板所組成,主機與驅動板間之訊號使用正負電源兩線式直流電源線載波方式傳遞。由主機提供電源給超音波驅動板,並在正電源線上同時載入發射脈衝與回波訊號,此訊號波形再由主機的濾波電路與比較器電路,將類比訊號轉換成穩定之數位波形,輸入微控制器來判斷所偵測到的距離。 本文最後提出了一種數位式超音波測距系統之前置處理積體電路架構。此超音波測距前置處理積體電路架構可以操作在封閉防水型和開放型兩種超音波感測器。該前置處理積體電路採用一體化結構設計和on-board-module實施模擬晶片的功能。此前置處理積體電路不需撰寫軟體程式設定,只需使用被動元件來設定。在脈衝的傳輸頻率、濾波器的頻寬和信號放大增益,使用無源被動元件調整設定。在其前置處理電路內部有振盪(OSC)電路和時脈觸發電路可以自動地發送間歇脈衝,觸發超音波感測器可來產生重複發射聲波。通過接收電路所接收的間歇脈衝、餘振脈衝和回波脈衝,會整合成測距數位信號輸出。此論文所設計的電路可以降低封閉防水型超音波感測器的餘振效應之週期時間,並且採用額外加入的連續打擊反轉脈衝來抑制餘振效應。

並列摘要


This thesis designs two of analog and digital ultrasonic distance-measuring systems. The analog circuit of 40 kHz ultrasonic driver and receiver echo system, which can be used in car reverse parking, robotics, industrial automation and automatic bump-shield system etc. This circuit consists of an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) with six ultrasonic driver boards and the signals are transmitted by both positive and negative power wire of DC Power Line Carrier (DC P.L.C.) between the Control Unit and driver boards. ECU provides power to the ultrasonic driver boards while pulse and echo signals are simultaneously transmitted on positive line. A band-pass filter circuit and comparator circuit will transform analog signal into stable digital signal by using microcontroller to detect distance. Finally, this paper proposes a design of digital system for the ultrasonic ranging front-end integrated circuit architecture for dual-mode operation in closed waterproof-type and open-type ultrasonic sensors. The front-end integrated circuit was designed using an integrated structure and was implemented on a module to simulate chip function. The front-end integrated circuit requires only passive component settings without software coding. The pulse transmission frequency, filter bandwidth, and signal amplification gain can all be adjusted using passive components. The internal oscillator (OSC) circuit and timer trigger circuit on its front-end automatically transmit intermittent pulses, activating the ultrasonic sensor to generate repeatedly transmitted sonic waves. Through the receiver circuit, the received intermittent pulses, ringing pulses, and echo pulses are processed into a ranging digital signal output. The designed circuit can reduce the ringing effect cycle time of the closed waterproof-type ultrasonic sensor and incorporates additional continuous invert countering pulses that suppress the ringing effects.

參考文獻


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