眷村文化園區保存、再利用之規劃探討-以馬祖新村為例

A Study for Preservation and Reuse of Military-Dependent’s Housing －An Example on Matsushin Village in Chung Li.

塗至濤(ZHITAO TU)

指導教授 ： 林曉薇

中原大學/設計學院/建築學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900165

摘要

眷村是台灣社會的特有型態，是國民政府遷台後過度時期的產物，而經過半個世紀歲月的洗禮，昔日的竹籬風情逐漸褪色，隱藏到社會的邊緣之中。眷戶在眷村內度過生命中最精華的時光，這群人共同創造了所謂的眷村文化，一個台灣社會特有的文化。
＜國軍老舊眷村改建條例＞開宗明義即指出：「為加速更新國軍老舊眷村，提高土地使用經濟效益，改善都市景觀，特制定本條例…」，直至民國九十八年止，全台八百餘座眷村將走入歷史，在都市更新的同時而忽略了眷村重要的文化資產價值。少數驚覺到眷村文化消逝的地方縣市政府及文史團體，開始了眷村搶救的工作。
桃園地區曾是全國眷村密度最高的地區，但如今也僅有中壢龍岡的馬祖新村及龜山憲光二村登錄為歷史建築予以保存，其餘皆面臨逐步拆遷的命運。在此同時，面對眷村簇群型態之歷史建築，公部門、軍方及各界，目前在保存及再利用之方式及經驗上也尚在探索及嘗試階段，而對於眷村文化的保存概念也僅來自於社會共識。
本研究試圖以馬祖新村為研究操作對象，了解其近五十年眷戶一磚一瓦建立家園之過程以及在這之間所產生的環境、空間變化，其中包含眷戶有機增建房舍過程、開放空間使用情形以及回溯原始之建築式樣與配置等。透過對馬祖新村歷史背景資料之建構、調查研究及訪談作為基礎架構，對眷村歷史建築活化保存再利用時提出保存及再利用時的規劃建議，並操作馬祖新村眷村文化園區之規劃設計，期能真正落實眷村文化園區空間特色保存及再利用機制方法概念。

關鍵字

馬祖新村 ； 眷村文化 ； 眷村文化園區 ； 眷村

並列摘要

Military-Dependent’s Housings are a social phenomenon in Taiwan and were estimated to be a transitional measure after the KMT government migrated to Taiwan. After one half century has past, the Military-Dependent’s Housings have already been mostly obsolete and marginalized by modern mainstream society. The Military-Dependent’s Housings spent their most valuable life in the villages and thus have created the so-called Military-Dependent’s Housings culture, a special culture in Taiwan.
< Enforcement Rules of the Act Governing the Reconstruction of Old Village for Military Personnel and Their Dependents > indicates that “this act is promulgated for accelerating renewing aged Military-Dependent’s Housings, and enhancing lad usage economic efficiency and improving urban landscape,…” More than 800 Military-Dependent’s Housings have been dismantled as of year 2007. During urban redevelopment, the important cultural asset value in Military-Dependent’s Housings has already been ignored. Astonished at disappearance of Military-Dependent’s Housings, few local county and city governments and cultural and literature groups have thus rushed to preserve Military-Dependent’s Housings.
Taoyuan district had ever had the highest density of Military-Dependent’s Housings but only Matsushin Village in Longgang, Jhongli City and 2nd Sianguang Village in Gueishan are recorded and preserved as historical architectures and all other villages are being dismantled. Meanwhile, for the historical architectures of Military-Dependent’s Housings clusters, the government institutes, military and social organizations are still in the exploration and trail stage with respect to preservation and re-exploitation mode and experience. The preservation for Military-Dependent’s Housings culture has so far been paid attention only the social consensus.
Using Matsushin Village as the research and operation object, this research tries to understand the building history of Military-Dependent’s Housings and their environmental and space in the last 50 years, including the processes for new organic buildings by villagers, the usage situation in the open space and the remount of original architecture design and disposition. It is capable of fulfilling space character preservation and re-exploitation mechanism concept by establishing historical background and data of Matsushin Village, using investigation, research and interview as basic structure, submitting preservation and re-exploitation planning and suggestion during villages’ historical architectures revival and preservation and exploitation and also the planning and design for the operation of Military-Dependent’s Housings culture zone in Matsushin Village.

並列關鍵字

Matsushin Village ； Military-Dependent’s Housings culture ； Military-Dependent’s Housings ； Military-Dependent’s Housings culture zone

參考文獻

郭依蒨，2005《由歷史建築再利用之使用後評估檢視委外經營機制》中原大學建築系碩士論文。

黃承令主持，2007《中壢龍岡地區眷村調查－桃園縣傳統聚落調查建檔計畫》，桃園縣政府文化局。

林曉薇主持，2007《桃園縣中壢市馬祖社區規劃設計案》，桃園縣政府文化局。

施長安，2003《都市保存：後殖民都市政治系譜學-以四四南村為個案研究》都市與設計學報地十三/十四期。

《建築、空間與文化：眷村改建、保留與活化再生座談會》，歷史月刊206期，P.26~P.36。