小學生課桌椅設計之研究

A study of desk and chair design for elementary school children

邱從甲(Chung-Chia Chiu)

指導教授 ： 林久翔

中原大學/工學院/工業工程研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700147

摘要

國小學童的課桌椅，如果不能與學童的身材搭配，將會造成學童的不良坐姿，並造成背部酸痛及近視等問題，嚴重者甚至影響骨骼發育。教育部於民國八十六年公布國民中、小學新型課桌椅，並於次年開始逐步更新學童的課桌椅，但是，教育部的這項美意卻遭致部份學校教師、學生及家長的批評，認為新型課桌椅不實用。本研究收集學校教師對新型課桌椅的反應意見，發現教育部的新型課桌椅抽屜變小是最大爭議點。若將章良渭89年之課桌椅規格建議值與國際人因工程學者的建議相比較，並套用學童的人體計測數據計算，發現椅子的椅深不足，將造成學生的腰酸背痛。同時，本研究用層級分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process , AHP)分析學者專家及國小學童對影響課桌椅設計因子的權重順序分析發現，「眼睛至桌面應有適當的視距」、「桌面應有適當的高度」、「桌底下要有足夠的大腿活動空間」與「學用品放置空間」等都佔有很重的權重比例。最後，本研究依據AHP的分析結果及現行之課桌椅規格之缺失，經計算與驗證後，提出本研究的課桌椅設計公式與課桌六型與課椅三型之建議值，此公式依需求的不同，分別採用定值、平均值與極端值的設計，經學生人體計測資料計算驗證，不但符合現行規格要求，也改善了原有的缺點，課桌的規格也從原先適用於國小的13種縮成6種。這結果將可提供新型課桌椅修正部份之規格，也提供後續的研究者在設計課桌椅時之參考。

關鍵字

人體計測 ； 層級分析法 ； 課桌椅 ； 人因工程

並列摘要

The school furniture in Elementary School should be designed based on the figures of students. Any improper design will cause bad sitting posture, backache, near sight, or even problems in bone growth. In 1997, Ministry of Education announced new types of school furniture for Junior School and Elementary School, and started to renew the school furniture stepwise in the following year. However, this good intention was criticized by some school teachers, students as well as their parents. They think the new design was unpractical. This study has collected comments from the school teachers regarding the new design of school furniture and discovered that the reduced drawer size is their main concern. Comparing the school furniture specification recommended by Chang Liang-Wei in 2000 and that recommended by researchers of the international human factor engineering as well as the anthropometry data measured, it is noted that chair depth is often inadequate, which consequently will lead to backache. In addition, this study adopts Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to investigate the elements which experts or students think are the most important in designing school furniture. These elements in order of importance include the appropriate distance between eyes and the desk surface, the sufficient leg-movement space below the desk, and the space for keeping the school supplies, etc. Finally, based on the result of AHP as well as the drawbacks of the current school furniture design, the designing formula and recommended values for school furniture were proposed. Depending on the requirement, the formula will use constant, average, or extreme values to perform the design. The new design not only has met the required specification but also eliminated the original drawbacks after verified by the anthropometry data measured. Moreover, the school furniture specification for Elementary School has been reduced from 13 types to 6 types. The outcome of this study certainly will serve as good references for the future design of school furniture.

並列關鍵字

Human Factor Engineering ； School Furniture ； Anthropometry ； Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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