- 學位論文
考慮可靠度與逆物流成本下回收不確定性決策之研究
Employing reliability and cost in reverse logistics problems to reduce recycling uncertainty
摘要
隨著全球環保意識的崛起，歐盟在近幾年相繼提出WEEE、ROHS等法規來因應這股趨勢的要求，也因此大大影響了全球製造生態。有學者認為環境與包裝的法規促使企業需對廢棄等議題負責，而不是僅侷限在買賣時的責任。因此，隨著綠色供應鏈時代的來臨，減量廢棄物的概念，將迫使企業更加注重回收品的再利用。然而在逆向供應鏈中有許多困難點是更甚於正向供應鏈的，這是因為逆物流中的物料或是元件來自於最終使用者使用過的產品，而要預測這些使用者何時可以提供出丟棄品，和丟棄品的品質是否可在被利用，是十分困難的。過去有許多學者提出逆向物流的管理難點，包括回收品數量、品質、前置時間的不確定性，使得製造中心浪費了許多資源與成本。固預估回收數量，以及回收商的選擇和回收商數量的多寡，對整個逆向供應鏈的成敗占了舉足輕重的角色。 因此，本研究的最大目的是在逆向供應鏈成本模式的建構與考量過程中，對不確定性進行控管。先以可靠度來預測某一時間區間回收之總數量，並考慮到目前的回收體系，提供再製造商的回收零組件是以回收商為主要來源，所以可以以回收商所能回收的比率，來決定製造商需要有多少回收商為其提供再使用料，才可在避免缺貨風險下，達到最小成本的目的。有鑑於此，本研究期望將可靠度與回收商個數一起加入到成本模式中，建構出混合型整數規劃的最小成本模式，再利用Lingo8求出最佳的訂購個數，藉此可以適度的降低風險發生的可能性來達到最小成本的優勢，以提供決策者做出更快速與更適當的決策。
並列摘要
With the global eco-awareness, the European Union has claimed several regulations, such as the Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). Some authors think that the regulations of environment and product packing have urged business to focus on a certain issue, such as the problem of waste. In addition, with the popularity of the green supply chain, the concept of reducing waste has forced business paying more attention to the recycling of waste. However, the management of the green supply chain is more complex than traditional management of supply chain, because it has a lot of uncertain risks that recovery point can hardly control. The uncertainty is caused by customers who supply the returned product in the reverse supply chain; and it is quite difficult to forecast when the customers will discard products and whether the quality of the returned production can be recovered or not. The recovery point consequently wastes a great deal of resources and cost in the uncertainty factors which include the quantity of collection, lead time and quality. For this reason, the research will make efforts in control the uncertainty under the framework of reverse supply chain. We expect to employ the concept of reliability management to estimate the number of returned products with the acceptable quality for the business. Then, according to the capacity of collection center and the amount of whole returned product in the reverse logistic, we can formulate a integer nonlinear program that contain purchase cost, fixed cost and inventory cost to conjecture which collection point we can form a good partnership. Consequently, the concept of this research will include reliability theory and purchase cost to solve the uncertainty issue. By using the proposed model, managers can make decisions more correctly.