天然黏土之純化改質研究及其在環氧基板應用之性能探討

Studies on the Purification and Modification of Natural Clays and Application of Novolac Cured Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites

俞懿珊(Yi-Shan Yu)

指導教授 ： 蔡宗燕

中原大學/理學院/化學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600508

摘要

天然黏土是地球上一種重要的非金屬礦物，其蘊藏量豐富，分佈甚廣，而隨著時代之變遷，成為奈米級複合材料的重要原料之ㄧ，因而引發學術與業界針對黏土之組成、結構與性質的深入探討與研究。故本研究首先針對四支未知之天然黏土進行鈉化提純，並分別利用廣角X光繞射儀(WAXRD)初步確認純化的程度。此外藉由陽離子交換當量(Cationic Exchange Capacity，CEC) 、固態核磁共振光譜儀(Solid State NMR)、 感應耦合電漿質譜儀(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer， ICP-MS) 、熱重分析儀(TGA)及紅外線光譜儀(FT-IR)等檢測設備，逐一來鑑定出編號為CL87、88、114、120之天然黏土結構式。 再者，因環氧樹脂其應用之多元性現已成為構裝材料之重要基材。主要原因是因其具有良好的力學特性、介電性、黏結能力和優異的耐化學腐蝕性。但純環氧樹脂固化物的脆性大、韌性差。隨著現代科技之發展，對材料之性能要求越來越高，而為了克服環氧樹脂在尺寸安定性、吸水性與機械強度不足下，故本研究將天然黏土有機化改質後，再添加入環氧樹脂中，使其熱性質和機械性質提昇，並藉由廣角X光繞射儀(WAXRD)觀察有機化黏土在環氧樹脂中的分散情形，了解黏土分散型態與性能提升的相依性。此外，經由熱重分析儀(TGA)、動態機械分析儀(DMA)的檢測來了解複合材料的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)、熱穩定性及熱裂解溫度(Td)。並以穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察實際的分散型態。最後再從中挑選CL88經由PI/BEN雙改質劑改質後進行基板應用評估，可得較佳之銅箔剝離強度、尺寸安定性，與較低的吸水率，在構裝材料的應用上更跨進了一大步。

關鍵字

環氧樹脂 ； 奈米複合材料 ； 黏土

並列摘要

The natural clays belong to the nonmetal minerals with abundance and wide distribution. Recently, clays, as starting materials, are applied to the study of polymer/clay nanocomposites; with higher mechanical and thermal properties, and lower water absorption and coefficiency of thermal expansion. Therefore, over the past few decades, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on the structure, ability and composite of clay. In this study, we developed the purification and characterization of four types of unknown natural clays by ion exchange reactions and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD) , Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Cationic exchange capacity(CEC), Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (Solid State NMR) and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), named as CL87, CL88, CL114 and CL120. In order to apply these new nanocomposites to printed circuit board, the purified clays were modified by organic compounds, followed by mixing with the monomer of novolac epoxy, and cured under certain circumstances. The bulk samples, novolac epoxy/ clay nanocomposites, were characterized by wide angle X-rays diffraction pattern (WAXRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). From the analytical data, the addition of bi-functional modified clays into the novolac epoxy performs the excellent dispersion and mechanical properties. The characterization of copper clad laminates (CCL), made by glass fiber embedded in novolac epoxy/ clay nanocomposites, has shown the better mechanical, thermal, and coherent properties; and less water uptake and coefficiency of thermal expansion compared with the previous works.

並列關鍵字

epoxy ； nanocomposites ； clay

參考文獻

90.李志宏，《奈米黏土應用於環氧基材之高功能材料開發》，中原

5. A. Usuki,M Kawasumi, Y. Kojima, A Okada, T. Kurauchi. J. Mater.

26. A. Usuki,M. Kawasumi; Y. Kojima; A Okada; T. Kurauchi. J. Mater.

41. H. Kuang-Yuh, Knowledge Bridge 2002,30.3

1. L. B. James, Clays Clay Miner. 2005, 50, 11-17