以農業為主的新埔鎮為全國宗祠類古蹟密度最高之傳統客家聚落。新竹縣文化局曾於2006年提出新埔宗祠博物館聯營計畫,介入私有祠堂的建築保存,並啟動再生與活化計畫。近來公部門持續地挹注動能,以生態博物館概念,將整個城鎮囊括在內。本研究以新埔市街具備文化地景與場所意義之張氏家廟為研究範圍,探討宗族之集體記憶的重要性,這些集體記憶如何由宗族傳承,家廟建築的記憶如何轉型與再利用。本研究的目的是探討家廟集體記憶的保存與傳遞、宗族後代子孫的集體記憶以及家廟集體記憶再呈現。本文的研究方法為觀察法與訪談法。首先蒐集新埔地方相關文獻史料及報告書,接著進行現地觀察調查家廟建築的空間型態,並與家廟後代子孫深度訪談,取得呈現宗族集體記憶的相關文史資訊作為研究的基礎資料。本文的資料分析方法為結合人文理論與數位分析方法,包括場所理論、空間型態構成理論以及歸納與整理口述內容。研究的成果指出家廟過去的核心空間為祭祀,建築形式與禮儀格局皆顯示了階級的象徵。戰後宗族後代居住空間安排上也依照了倫理位序,透過祭祀、習俗活動強化宗族凝聚力。家廟再生空間定位為兒童博物館,以張爺爺故事屋轉譯在地文化、人文歷史及家廟建築。本文對於家廟集體記憶再呈現的研究成果可供未來家廟博物館的規劃參考。後續研究可以朝博物館開放後文化轉譯之集體記憶作深入探討。
Xinpu Town, whose economy relies mainly on agriculture, has the highest density of traditional Hakka settlements in Taiwan. Accordingly, a plan regarding the cooperation of Xinpu Ancestral Hall and Museum was proposed by the Cultural Bureau of Hsinchu County in 2006, which allowed the government authority to intervene in preserving the architecture of private ancestral halls, and initiated a regeneration and revitalization of them. Recently, the public sector has continued to use kinetic energy to incorporate the entire town into the concept of the eco-museum. Taking the example of the Zhang Family Temple, which has cultural landscape and place significance in Xinpu City Street, as the research scope, this study is attempted to discuss deeply the goals set below: the importance of the collective memory of the clan; the way how these collective memories are inherited by the clan; and the transformation and reuse of the memories. The purpose of this research is to explore the preservation and transmission of the collective memory regarding such family temples, the collective memory of the descendants of the clan, and the re-presentation of the collective memories. As to the research methods, this article adopts both observation and interview method. Firstly, collect relevant literature and historical materials and reports of Xinpu, then conduct on-site observation and investigation of the spatial pattern of the family temple, and finally deeply interview the descendants of family temples to obtain relevant historical information. And thus use the gathered information regarding the collective memory of the clan as the basic data for the research. The data analysis method adopted in this article is a combination of humanistic theory and digital analysis, including place theory, spatial pattern composition theory and summarizing and collating oral content. The results of the research indicates that the core space of the family temple used to be the sacrifice, and the architectural form and ritual pattern both showed the symbol of ranking classes. After the World war II, the living space of the descendants of the clan was also arranged in accordance with the ethical order, and the cohesion of the clan was strengthened through sacrifices and custom activities. In the above plan, the family temple regeneration space is positioned as a children’s museum, translating local culture, human history and family temple architecture with the story house of Grandpa Zhang. In conclusion, the research results presented in this article on the collective memory of the family temple can be used as a reference for the future planning of the family temple museum. And subsequent researches may also continue in-depth discussions on the collective memory of cultural translation after the museum opens.
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