從定型化契約出發論繼續性服務交易-借鏡日本特定繼續性服務契約

The Discussion of Continuing Service Transaction based on Standard Contracts,Using Japan's Specified Continuing Service Contract as Example

林妙珊(Miao-Shan Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳乃瑜

中原大學/法學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700573

摘要

近年來新型態消費類型發展興盛，我國對於新型態消費爭議尚未有完整保護機制，以維護消費者權益，尤其以繼續性契約之消費爭議增多，其中更以有關服務提供性質爭議，本文借鏡日本特定商業交易法中特定繼續性服務交易規定，來探討我國對於繼續性消費交易且屬於服務提供類型之契約規範不足以保障消費者權益問題。
目前我國常以定型化契約方式締結繼續性服務契約，第二章先介紹我國消費關係中繼續性契約類型與定型化契約規範，其中分析我國繼續性服務交易之定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項內容，最後以近年來重大消費糾紛案例來分析僅以目前消費者保護法有關定型化契約、定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項及民法規範不足以保障消費者權益，例如：亞歷○○健身房倒閉、學○電腦以及威○美語補習班倒閉、高爾夫會員契約終止案、瘦身美容課程契約等。
以目前既有定型化契約服務提供類型而言，服務的內容更加涉及專業知識領域及長期繼續性的提供服務，從學習知識的補習班類型來看，例如英語補習班及電腦補習班等，第一點，由服務提供內容而言，一般消費者無法預知服務內容是否能達到自身所預想的服務內容，甚至無法預估自身的學習吸收能力。第二點，由締結契約時點而言，民眾為因應就業市場人才需求的變化，欲透過參加技能、語言補習增進職能，因此補習類主要為語言與電腦補習班的糾紛，招生時常見以分期付款實際上為貸款，使消費者未評估其付款之經濟能力，即貿然訂定貸款契約，並未給予消費者充足的考慮締結契約的時間。另外，從提供休閒及運動的高爾夫球俱樂部及健身房類型來看，其服務契約內容是長期繼續性提供設備及環境設施供消費者使用，但是卻沒有明確契約終止或退費相關規範，如消費者有搬家、更換工作或生病等情況，無法再繼續接受服務，卻無明確的契約終止之退費規定或違約金之上限保障。
第三章介紹日本特定商業交易法中有關特定繼續性服務提供制度與規範，並且分析其制度上的優點，第四章借鏡日本法之規定提出我國法修法建議，以第二章實際繼續性服務交易消費糾紛案例中分析原因，分析本文要解決之問題點，最後藉由外國立法例之啟發，本文亦嘗試提出修法重點應在於繼續性服務交易之「猶豫期間制度」以及「任意終止權制度」立法芻議，期盼立法者能於消費者保護法中明確立法，確立並保障繼續性服務契約中消費者之權益。

關鍵字

任意終止權 ； 繼續性消費關係 ； 遞延性商品（服務） ； 定型化契約 ； 定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項

並列摘要

As new types of consumer transaction continue to grow in Taiwan, there has been a noticeable lack of regulations in place to protect consumers from transactional disputes, with a growing number of consumer disputes centering on the termination of continuing contracts, especially service contracts. This thesis intend to use the regulations on continuing service contract under Japan's Specified Commercial Transaction Act as example, to discuss the contract provision issues surrounding service related continuing consumer transactions in Taiwan.
In Taiwan, continuing service contract is usually established in the form of standard contracts. Chapter 2 will discuss the types of continuing service contracts and provisions on standard contracts for consumer relationship in Taiwan, with analysis on recent major consumer disputes to demonstrate that current regulations on standard contracts in Consumer Protection Act and Civil Code is not enough to ensure consumer rights. As example: The bankruptcy of Alexander Health Club, Hsueh Cheng Computer Learning Center, and Wells English, termination of golf membership contract, and weight-loss courses contract.
Based on the type of services provided under current standard contract, content of services are mostly centered on fields of professional knowledge, with service provided continuously over a long period of time. But to use center for additional learning as an example, e.g. Language or Computer Centers, if we see center on the aspect of content provided by the service, regular consumers cannot foresee whether the service provided is indeed what they envisioned, nor can they predict their ability to understand and absorb the content.
Furthermore, consumer often attend learning centers to improve their skills and language proficiency in order to cope with the need of a constantly shifting job market. Hence, Language or Computer Center are often at the center of consumer disputes. When these centers charge students in installments, the payment are often considered a loan in nature, with the consumer entering a loan agreement without considering their payment ability, and the center failing to provide consumer with sufficient time to consider when entering such an agreement.
Also, if we take recreational and exercise facilities, such as fitness club or golf club, into consideration, their service contract centers on the long-term continuing provision of equipment and environment for consumers' use, without specific clauses for the termination of contract and refund. Should the consumer move away, make change in occupation, or fall ill, and cannot continue the service, there are no specific clauses for refund in the event of contract termination, nor a compensation limit for breach of contract.
In Chapter 3, the thesis will discuss the system and regulation of specific continuing service provision in Japan's Specified Commercial Transaction Act, and to analyze its merits, then in chapter 4 analyze the cause of actual consumer disputes surrounding continuing service contracts detailed in chapter 2, to try and provide solution for regulatory amendments based on Japan's law. Finally, with foreign regulations as an inspiration, the thesis will attempt to demonstrate that the key to amendments is to focus on the establishment of Hesitation Period and Immediate Termination mechanism in a continuing service transaction when discussing related legislation, with hope that a specific amendment of Consumer Protection Act can help clarify and protect consumer rights in a continuing service contract.

並列關鍵字

Terminate for Convenience ； Continuing Consumer Relationship ； standard contracts ； Mandatory or Prohibitory Provisions of Standard Contracts ； absolute right of withdrawal

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