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  • 學位論文

原油及大宗穀物之波動關係與避險策略分析

Volatility Transmission and Hedging Strategy between Oil Price and Commodity Futures

指導教授 : 林師模

摘要


由於新興國家對能源的需求增加和投機客炒作,自2007年下半年起國際油價大幅攀升,而在替代能源議題效應下拉動了小麥、黃豆和玉米等可提煉生質酒精的大宗穀物價格紛紛上漲,但一年後當油價開始巨幅滑落,大宗穀物價格也跟著大跌。這一連串的漲跌關係是近年來罕見的現象,過去也幾乎沒有相關研究分析原油和大宗穀物間的價格波動關係。由於商品價格的巨幅波動會使消費者所面對的價格風險增加,所以有必要針對其波動關係加以分析,檢視變數間是否確實存在波動傳遞效果,並發展相關避險策略,評估避險績效,找出最適模型和避險策略,一方面提供商品相關供需者未來價格走勢的參考資訊,也同時提供投資者或避險者在從事避險行為時的參考依據。 本研究以多變量GARCH模型進行分析,實證結果發現,原油和大宗穀物間確實存在波動傳遞效果,彼此間有強烈的互動關係,相關係數波動圖也顯示近一年來二者的相關性有明顯上升的情形。避險分析部份,GARCH模型能降低大部分波動風險,而若比較兩種常見之多變量GARCH模型:DCC-GARCH和BEKK-GARCH的差異,研究結果發現小麥、黃豆和玉米日報酬在DCC模型下直接避險優於BEKK,原油避險則以BEKK模型避險效果較佳,且週資料避險效果優於日資料,而且波動愈劇烈愈能顯現出期貨避險的好處。此外,儘管原油和大宗穀物價格間有波動傳遞關係,但交叉避險效果未必比直接避險好,大致來說直接避險就能有效降低波動的風險。整體而言,DCC模型優於BEKK模型的幅度大於BEKK模型優於DCC模型的幅度,表示DCC呈現出的避險績效較BEKK模型來得好。

關鍵字

DCC BEKK 避險 波動關係 大宗穀物 原油

並列摘要


The significant increase in demand from developing countries and speculations has pushed up oil price sharply from 2007 to mid-2008, which, in turn, has accelerated the development of alternative energy all over the world. Grains, which can be made into bio-fuels, inevitably became the highly-demanded goods. However, when oil price started to drop during late 2008, grain price fell as well. The phenomenon of co-movement between oil price and grain price has never happened before, and, hence, has seldomly been explored by researchers. This study applies multi-variate GARCH methods to analyze the transmission relationship among several price variables. Our results find that significant transmission effects do exist between oil price and grain price. The computed correlation coefficients between the variables also reveal that the correlation has risen apparently in recent years. With respect to hedging, we find that multi-GARCH can reduce risk in most cases. In addition, DCC-GARCH model can reduce much larger percentage of risk than BEKK-GARCH model does. Furthermore, cross hedging does not show to have better performance than direct hedging does. That is, direct hedging is good enough to reduce most of the risk.

並列關鍵字

oil price bulk grain volatility BEKK model DCC model hedging

參考文獻


謝文耀(2007),「動態原油期貨避險—以WTI原油期貨為例」,中原大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文
李常春(2005),「不同條件相關係數與共變異數模型在預測能力方面之比較」,中原大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文
施冠宇(2008),「國內外大宗原物料價格發展趨勢」,台灣經濟研究月刊,第31卷11期,頁15-24
翁靖迪(2008),「美國大宗穀物期貨價格時間序列分析—短期預測模型比較」,國立台灣大學農業經濟研究所碩士論文
郭俊宏(2004),「多變量GARCH模型之比較研究」,國立台灣大學經濟研究所碩士論文

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