考量檢驗與修復機制下內外部逆物流之營收管理

由於環保意識興起，消費者對於故障或損毀的產品除了直接丟棄外，還可透過回收的方式，使產品能重新再利用。因此，當產品在回收過程中，將回收品經由拆卸檢驗的方式，使可再使用的零件投入到生產製造，以降低生產過程中需支付的原物料成本，重新賦予回收產品新的價值。然而，目前在逆向物流的文獻中，大多數均假設產品經回收後直接運送至檢驗與再製造工廠，而沒有考慮到在運送至再製造工廠的過程中，可以事先進行檢驗，以降低運輸成本。而在企業提供顧客需求的新製品中，也均假設企業所生產的產品均為良品，而並未考慮到現實狀況中，不良品的存在。因此，本論文的研究重心可分為二部分：一．針對外部回收品拆卸檢驗的部分，可分為集中式檢驗與分散式檢驗二種，並考慮回收品的運輸成本。二．考慮生產系統中，外部逆物流與內部逆物流的修復系統，針對不良品加以修復，並透過內外部逆物流滿足顧客的需求。本論文將針對上述二個研究重心，發展出四個模式，並透過KKT法找出在檢驗與修復系統下之最佳定價策略。並且由數值範例中，針對不同的參數與企業的總收益進行敏感度分析，得知新製品的生產數量、新製品與再製品的最高售價以及翻新品的最高售價增加，對於企業總收益增加是有益的。接著，再利用基因演算法，針對上述四個模式再次求解，並利用假說檢定的方式，比較KKT法與基因演算法在求解本問題時，是否存在著顯著性的差異。

關鍵字

逆物流；再製造；檢驗；修復系統；定價策略

並列摘要

Due to the rise of environmental awareness, the failure or damaged products can be reused by customers. Therefore, in order to reduce the material cost in production process to give a new value to returned products, reusable parts are taken into manufacturing process through disassembly and inspection. However, most literatures of reverse logistics suppose products after return will deliver to inspection and remanufacturing factory directly, but in order to decrease transportation cost, products can be inspected in advance in the process of delivery to remanufacturing factory. The new products provided by enterprises are supposed that all the products are good, but defective items are not considered as in actual situation. Therefore, the key point of this research can be divided into two parts, the first one: disassembly and inspection process of external returned products can be divided into central testing and local testing, and transportation cost of returned products is considered. The second one: the recovered system of external reverse logistics and internal reverse logistics are considered, and defective items in production system are repaired, then customers’ demand is met through external reverse logistics and internal reverse logistics. This thesis focused on the above key points and then established four models, and found the optimal pricing strategy under inspection system through KKT method. Then the sensitivity analysis indicated that increasing the production quantity of new products, the highest selling price of new product, remanufacturing products and refurbishing products will increase total revenue of enterprises. Additionally, genetic algorithm was employed to solve the optimal solutions of the above four models, and to compare whether KKT method and genetic algorithm exist significant difference in solving this problem.

並列關鍵字

Reverse Logistics ； Remanufacture ； Inspection ； Repair System ； Pricing Strategy

參考文獻

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考量檢驗與修復機制下內外部逆物流之營收管理

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