青少年依附、自尊、自我清晰度與社會焦慮之關係探討

An Investigation of The Relationships Among Attachment, Self-Esteem, Self-Concept Clarity and Social Anxiety in Adolescence

許慧雯(Hui-Wen Hsu)

指導教授 ： 譚偉象

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2010.00599

摘要

研究目的：過去對於依附與社會焦慮的研究，傾向以父母或親密伴侶的依附關係進行研究，依據依附理論與社會焦慮的關聯，本研究欲探討個體一般依附對於社會焦慮之影響性，以依附做為前置因素，並探討個體自我清晰度與自尊對社會焦慮的關係，有以下研究假設：(1)探討依附、自尊、自我清晰度與社會焦慮的關聯性；(2) 依附、自尊、自我清晰度對社會焦慮的預測力是否顯著。(3)大學生與國中生在各主要變項的量表上得分是否有差異。(4）檢驗自尊或自我清晰度是否在依附與社會焦慮有中介關係；（5）檢驗自尊與自我清晰度對於社會焦慮是否具有調節效果。

研究方法：本研究採方便取樣，以一般大學生與國中生為研究對象，共蒐集310名大學生，平均年齡19.59歲，包含男生136名，女生174名；246名國中生，平均年齡14.02歲，男生121名，女生125名。參與者皆填寫下列問卷：精神病依附測量、自尊量表、自我清晰度量表、社會互動焦慮量表、社會畏懼量表。資料分析方面，採用皮爾森積差相關、獨立樣本t檢定、多元階層迴歸分析與路徑分析等統計方法檢験研究假設。

研究結果：(1)依附、自尊、自我清晰度與社會焦慮之間具有顯著的關聯性；(2) 依附、自尊、自我清晰度各自對於社會焦慮的預測顯著。(3)大學生與國中生在社會互動焦慮量表與自尊量表得分有顯著差異，在逃避依附、焦慮依附、社會焦慮總分、社會畏懼量表、自我清晰度得分沒有差異。(4）檢驗自尊或自我清晰度在依附與社會焦慮有部分中介；（5）自我清晰度對於自尊與社會焦慮不有調節效果。

結論：(1)焦慮依附傾向在社會焦慮的發展扮演重要角色；(2)個體有較高之自我清晰度可減低社會焦慮。

關鍵字

依附 ； 社會焦慮 ； 自我清晰度 ； 自尊

並列摘要

Background: In academic literature, the relationship between attachment and social anxiety was explored with the emphasis on the attachment with parents or intimate partners. Basing on integration of the relation between attachment theory and social anxiety, this study proposed a hypothetic model on the predisposing factors of social anxiety and explored the influences of general attachment, self-esteem, and self-clarity. There are six goals in this study: first, investigating the relationship between social anxiety and general attachment, self-esteem, and self-clarity; second, examining the predictability of general attachment, self-esteem, and self-clarity on social anxiety; third, investigating the differences between the scores obtained from college students and junior high-school students; fourth, exploring the mediating effect of self-esteem and self-clarity between general attachment and social anxiety; fifth, examining the moderating effect of self clarity between self-esteem and social anxiety.

Methods: Participants were 310 college students and 246 junior high-school students. The average ages of the college students and the junior high-school students were 19.59 and 14.02 years old respectively. All participants completed a questionnaire which included Psychosis Attachment Measure, Social Phobia Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Self-Concept Clarity Scale. Data analyses were conducted using Pearson’s product-moment correlation, independent sample t-test, multiple hierarchical regression analysis, and path analysis.

Results: First, there were significant correlations between social anxiety and attachment, self-esteem, and self-clarity respectively. Second, self-esteem and self-clarity had significant mediating effect between social anxiety and attachment. Third, there were significant differences between the two samples on the scores of Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Fourth, self-clarity had no significant moderating effect between self-esteem and social anxiety.

Conclusions: Anxious attachment had an important role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Individuals who had high self-clarity possessed low degree of social anxiety.

Key words: social anxiety, attachment, self-esteem, self-clarity

並列關鍵字

self-esteem ； attachment ； social anxiety ； self-clarity

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