近幾年來台灣社會趨向人口老化與少子化,再加上產業與人才培育的轉型,趨向以服務業、金融業、高科技產業等白領階層人才為主的人才發展,導致台灣對於傳統產業、科技業與3k(骯髒、危險、辛苦)產業等基層勞動人力產生重大缺口,台灣的勞動人力需求乃大量藉由外籍勞工進行補足,由民國95年的33萬人增加至民國105年的60萬人次,在外籍勞工人口突破性增加的情況下,外籍勞工在台灣的相關管理制度、適應狀況也逐漸受到重視。本研究探討外籍勞工之管理制度、社會支持、海外適應與留任意願之關係,經由文獻探討提出研究架構與假設,並進行實證。 本研究以在台外籍勞工為研究對象,資料蒐集方式採問卷發放,將研究問卷翻譯為外籍勞工母國籍語言,藉由現有人力仲介公司資源,進行各工廠外籍勞工拜訪,並配合翻譯老師協助外籍勞工填寫問卷。總計發放180份問卷,共回收180份問卷,無效問卷共有51份,有效問卷共有129份,有效回收率為71.6%。 實證結果發現,管理制度對於海外適應有部分顯著正向影響;社會支持對於海外適應有部分顯著正向影響;海外適應對於留任意願有顯著正向影響;海外適應對社會支持與留任意願間關係具有部分中介效果;海外適應對管理制度與留任意願具有部分中介效果。
Recently, tends of the society in Taiwan are population aging and low birth rate. Industries and talent cultivation are transformed. There is a serious labor shortage in traditional industries, science and technology industries and 3D (dirty, difficult, dangerous) industries. Therefore, Taiwan should import foreign labors to remedy for the problem of manpower shortage. The population of foreign labor increases quickly from 330,000 to 600,000 in the decade. Because of foreign labor population increasing, the management system and adaptation of foreign labors become important in Taiwan. This thesis explores the relationships among management system, social support, adaptation and retention willingness of foreign labors. Through the literature review, this study proposes research structure and hypothesis. The study chose foreign labors in factories as respondents. Following by conducting a questionnaire survey that was translated to their mother language and through the resource of Human Resource Agency, 180 questionnaires were collected in the end of the survey. 129 out of 180 questionnaires are valid. 51 questionnaires were invalid. The rate of effective responsiveness was 71.6%. The results show that the management system has a significant positive impact on overseas adaptation; social support has a significant positive impact on overseas adaptation; overseas adaptation has a significant positive impact on retention willingness; overseas adaptation has a partially mediating effect on the relationship between social support and retention willingness; overseas adaptation to the management system and retention willingness have a partially mediating effect.