千手觀音手部造型研究與表現

The study on the Representation of the hand’s formation for A Thousand Hand Goddess Of Mercy

林彥輝(Lin Yen-Hui)

指導教授 ： 蘇茂生

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/設計研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

觀音菩薩在中國、西藏、日本、韓國等信仰佛教地區的大宗，是佛教藝術史中最為普遍的題材之一，不但有許多不同的外形，且變化豐富而華美，其中以千手觀音最為獨特。它不但在宗教上說明了觀音菩薩慈悲為懷及極力渡化眾生的精神，其手臂所呈現出的造型在圖像學上更富有完滿的美感。且觀世音菩薩的慈悲威德深入亞洲人心中已有三千歷史，救苦救難犧牲小我成全大我的慈悲精神為中華民族的中心思想，而人間應現的菩薩多以人類相同的形像表現，相貌較一般人莊嚴，因此一般觀音菩薩的造形也多以人類的形像來表現，而佛像許多的變像多是以象徵的手法來表現，千手觀音的千手就是象徵菩薩的大悲願力。然而近來在全球吹起了向東方古人學習的風尚，無論在時尚界、行銷界或企業界無不借用各種東方的經驗或思維來吸取新的元素或觀點做為創新的結合，然而只從表象或對經典的粗淺了解實難做出令人感動的設計作品，而觀音信仰一直是東方信仰的大宗，從觀音自渡渡人的慈悲精神相較於現在求功求利的社會，越來越多人開始追求更深的精神層次，而觀音的形象是最為被人所接受的，因此從千手觀音的形象來尋找設計的元素做為設計創作的靈感，借由轉化的過程來重新將觀音慈悲救世的精神融入設計作品中，從中學會慈悲所帶來的勇氣，包容所帶來的神聖莊嚴，並思考將千手觀音的手部造型元素透過實驗創作，思考應用於商品形象上的可行性。
本研究將以以下三點為研究方向:
1.整理千手觀音在圖像上及意含上的相關研究文獻，並分析其中象徵意含及精神歸納出主要的象徵元素
2.討論千手觀音的手部造形圖像是否能應用於商品及圖案的表達。
3.將主要的象徵元素，分別以圖騰標幟式系列、氣氛背景式系列、人物式系列進行創作實驗，最後以人物式系列進行主題創作研究
研究結果歸納為以下三點:
1.千手觀音手部造型具有應用於商品形象之價值
2.千手觀音手部的造型在視覺呈現上能夠產生很強烈的效果
3.千手觀音手部的造型能夠依分析出的元素的不同進行多種不同的變化創作

關鍵字

千手觀音 ； 手部造型分析

並列摘要

Goddess of Mercy is one of the most general subject matter in Buddhism art history, it has a lot of different appearances and change abundantly and noblily. Believe in Buddhism area a lot of statues of Buddha in China, Tibet, Japan and Korea, the Goddess of Mercy of a thousand hands is the most unique. On the religion, mercy all living creature's spirit in order to cherish and do one's utmost to cross melting of Goddess of Mercy that it has proved, richer and satisfactorier aesthetic feeling in the picture is studied of the model that its arm demonstrates. In the minds of Asians, Goddess of Mercy’s spirit to deep foundation, have already 3,000 years. Is a central idea of Chinese nation that I help big my mercy spirit to die littly. Goddess of Mercy look like and behave with people's shape more like general Bodhisattva too, and the looks is relatively solemn.The statue of Buddha come to behave with the tactics that are symbolized more, a thousand hands of Goddess of Mercy of a thousand hands are mercy and great hopes of symbolizing Bodhisattva.Recently, regard studying the eastern ancient as the prevailing custom in the whole world, no matter in fashion world, on sale throughout circle or business circles is it draw with experience or thinking of the east new element or view make for combination that innovate to come. However, only from representation or elementary understanding classics, can't make the design works moved people. Pursue society of utility compare Goddess of Mercy is it rescue others' mercy spirit also to rescue oneself with now, more and more people begin to pursue deeper spiritual level, the image of Goddess of Mercy is in order to accept the most while taking advantage of. Come to look for the element designed to make from the image of a thousand hand goddess of mercy in order to design the inspirations of creation, via transforming and incorporating the mercy spirit which rescues generation of Goddess of Mercy in the design works again. Courage brought that will be mercy from the works middle school, forgive and sacred and solemning, and then to create the hand model element of a thousand hand goddess of mercy through the experiment, think deeply and apply to the feasibility on the image of the goods.

This research will regard three following points as the direction of studying:
1.Put to a thousand hand goddess of mercy in order on the picture and purpose include relevant research documents on, and analyse that sums up the main element again in symbol meaning and spirit among them.
2.Whether the hand shaping picture of a thousand hand goddess of mercy of the discussion can be applied to the expressions of the goods and pattern.
3.Symbol element mainly, create the experiment with totem and attribute type series, atmosphere and background type series, personage type series separately, carry on the theme to create and study with the personage type series finally.

The result of study is summed up for the following three points:
1.The hand model of a thousand hand goddess of mercy has value applied to the image of the goods.
2.The hand model of a thousand hand goddess of mercy can produce very strong result in the vision appear.
3.The hand model of a thousand hand goddess of mercy can be in accordance with creating many kinds of different changes differently of element analysed.

並列關鍵字

A Thousand Hand Goddess Of Mercy ； hand’s formation study

參考文獻

王儷蓉(民92)。普門化紅顏──中國觀音變女神之探究。碩士論文，臺灣大學中國文學研究所。

方立天(1999)。中國佛教與倫理建設。中華佛學學報，12

胡文和(1998)。四川與敦煌石窟的「千手千眼大悲變相」的比較研究。佛學研究中心學報，(三)

論文:

吳曉晴(民92)。觀音信仰及其圖像研究?以千手千眼觀音為例。碩士論文，輔仁大學宗教學系。