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性別角色、長官期望、制握信念、刻板知覺對於女性官兵成就動機之預測研究—以國軍幹部為例

Gender Role、Expectancy、Locus of Control and Stereotype Perception on Achievement Motivation of Female Voluntary Officers of Military Services

指導教授 : 何榮桂
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摘要


在人類社會中,「性別」是相當容易且明顯之分類,但在無形中卻也對於性別進行了角色的規範,並塑造出性別角色的差異。然而時代的變遷下,女性意識的提升使得女權受到了重視,在商業時代的今日,現代女性在工作表現上未必不如男性,甚至是超越了男性。軍隊在性別上的組成也有類似之趨勢,隨著科技的進步,操作高科技武器並不一定僅能由孔武有力的男性來進行,一些先進武器的操作或是行政業務的執行,女性的表現可能更優於軍中的男性。本研究希冀在社會及政治環境變遷的背景之下,來探討國軍及女性官兵在與成就動機相關之因素之表現,試圖發現男性與女性在現今社會的期待下,對於成就的解讀及需求。 本研究選取中華民國國軍官士兵研究對象,預試樣本均採取「立意抽樣」的方式,並徵詢單位主官同意,最後以台北地區空軍松山基地共400份為本研究樣本,有效樣本共315份,其中男性占180份;女性占 135 份。研究工具採用國軍兩性平權發展政策說明量表,包含六部分:人口統計變項、性別角色、長官期望、制握信念、刻板知覺和成就動機。全量表經預試及因素分析,信效度良好。 本研究之主要發現如下: 一、在性別差異檢定上:性別差異在男性化、女性化及中性特質上之差異均未達顯著水準; 女性官兵知覺之長官對於「作業表現期望」較高,而男性官兵知覺之長官對於「角色表現期望」較高;女性官兵之內在制握信念高於男性官兵,而男性官兵之外在制握高於女性官兵;男性官兵之家庭刻板知覺及性別刻板知覺均高於女性官兵;性別差異在「競爭成就」及「自我激勵成就」均未達顯著水準。在各人口變項差異檢定上: 二、女性官兵特質對於成就動機之預測:「中性特質」最能預測成就動機,其次為「正向女性特質」;長官對於「作業表現期望」愈高,對於「成就動機」有愈高的預測力;「內在制握信念」對於「成就動機」有高度預測力;「性別刻板知覺」對「成就動機」有負向預測力,而「家庭刻板知覺」對「成就動機」有正向預測力。 上述發現可做為未來遴選女性官兵之參考,研究者並建議強化推動性別主流化相關宣導活動及利用個案分析深入了解國軍官兵之特質。

並列摘要


Exploring the Effects of Gender Role, Expectation from Supervisor, Locus of Control and Gender Stereotype Perception on the Achievement of Motivation—The Case Study of Female Army Cadres and Soldiers In the human society, gender interprets clear role characteristics and different standards. Nowadays the awakening of feminist consciousness as is shown in several aspects, for example many females have excellent achievement in career. Even in the army, women can show brilliant performance in weapon operating or administrative affairs. So this study aims to discuss the effects of gender role, expectation from supervisor, locus of control and gender stereotype perception on achievement motivation of female army cadres and soldiers and find out the different between gender. The study surveyed 400 cadres and soldiers in air base of Song Shan district in Taipei by using purposive sampling and collected 315 valid samples, which men accounted for 180 copies and women accounted for 135 copies. The gender equity scale , which includes six criteria, demographics variables, gender role, expectation from supervisor, locus of control, gender stereotype perception and achievement motivation, was applied in this study. The scale has good reliability and validity per pretest and factor analysis. The study shows the following results: For gender role segment, the masculine, feminine and neutral characters are not significantly different; internal locus of control of female cadres and soldiers is higher than male. In contrast, the external locus of control of male is higher than female. The family and gender stereotype perceptions of male are both stronger than female. And the gender towards competitive achievement and self-encouraged achievement does not have different. According to the demographic variables, the neutral character has highest impact on achievement motivation. Also the internal locus of control has great impact on achievement motivation. Moreover, the gender stereotype perception has negative impact on achievement motivation however the family stereotype perception has positive impact on it. The above findings provide alternative way of thinking while selecting female officers and soldiers in the future. The study also aims to analyze the character of cadres and soldiers by case study.

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被引用紀錄


洪郁慈(2015)。青年成就動機與工作價值觀對生涯決定自我效能影響之研究─世代與海外打工經驗差異之觀點〔碩士論文,國立中正大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0033-2110201614010518

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