體育邊緣人：臺灣國民中小學肢體障礙學生的學校體育之歷史軌跡（1945～1998）

The Disadvantaged Groups in Physical Education—The Historical Track of School PE forPhysicallyDisabled Students in Taiwan Junior Highand Primary School (1945 ~ 1998)

黃政皓(CHENG-HAO HUANG)

指導教授 ： 林玫君

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本論文探究從1945年到1998年間國民中小階段，肢體障礙學生的學校體育樣貌為何。研究發現：首先在「體育政策」方面，九年義務教育實施後，政府的政策對於肢障學生轉趨重視，1973年進行的「國中肢體殘障學童體育實施方案」研究實驗為肢障學生的學校體育立下里程碑，爾後隨著1990年代特殊教育的興起，政府也委託學校機構共同協助推動肢體障礙學生的學校體育相關措施。其次「學校體育的內容」方面，在專門安置肢體障礙學生的特殊學校（班）中均為肢體障礙學生規劃體育課程；教材方面則隨著時代不同而內涵有所轉變；另外，教師會針對學生的狀況對教具及場地進行修正，師資雖然沒有專門的培育機構，但師範大學體育與研究發展中心舉辦多場相關研習，不失為一補救方法。接著「學校體育活動」方面，在一般學校裡，隨著時代的進步，肢障學生已逐漸走出戶外參與體育教學；仁愛實驗學校當中有豐富的體育課外活動，供肢體障礙學生參與，運動會也會考量學生狀況，運用巧思設計趣味化的賽程。最後是「教」與「學」的反饋，經過微弱聲音的匯聚，發現政策未完全傳達給教師，推動也容易受到機關首長的左右，但熱忱與信念可以彌補政策的疏漏，肢障學生在一般學校體育內還是存在著邊緣化的情況，體育的實施對教師的教學與學生的人生富含多重意義。總而來看，專門安置肢障學生的特殊學校（班），可為肢障學生提供較為多彩多姿的學校體育，而在一般學校當中，肢障學生其學校體育往往沒有落實，學生仍在學校體育當中扮演邊緣人的角色。

關鍵字

適應體育 ； 小兒麻痺

並列摘要

The essay probes into different physical education appearances of physically disabled students in primary and junior high school during 1945 to 1998.

The study brings out four findings. First of all, as to the “Physical Policy, the government has put more emphasis on physically disabled students since the nine-year compulsory education was carried out. In 1973, the experimental study of “The Physical Education for Physically disabled Students in Junior High School” established a landmark for school physical education. Then, owing to the upspring of special education in 1990s, the school was entrusted to advance measures related to physical education for physically disabled students.

Regarding “The Content of Physical Education”, there’re specific PE courses for physically disabled students in both special schools and special classes. And the teaching materials are amended according to different times. Moreover, teachers would adapt their teaching aids and places to students’ learning conditions. Though there’s no specialized institution for fostering teachers, Normal Universities and Development Research Center hold several relevant courses to provide helps.

And concerning“PE Activities in School”,in general school physically disabled students are more willing to take part in PE courses with time. Ren-Ai Experimental School provides abundant extracurricular PE activities for physically disabled students. Besides, the athletics meet they hold would take students situation into consideration, designing interesting competition for special students.
Lastly, this study discusses “The Feedback between Teaching and Learning.” The vulnerable voices discover that although the policy’s not completely conveyed to teachers, and the movement is easily affected by the head of the institution, the passion and belief could make up the defects of the policy. Generally speaking, physically disabled students are still easily overlooked in general schools, and the practice of PE has multiple meanings both for teachers and for students.

Overall, special schools or special classes would offer more colorful physical education than general schools. In this case, the physical education in general school isn’t put into practice most of the time, and the physically disabled students are still the disadvantaged groups.

並列關鍵字

Adapted physical Activity ； Infantile Paralysis

參考文獻

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衛生署疾病管制局，《臺灣根除小兒麻痺症紀實》，臺北：衛生署疾病管制局，1995。

國立臺灣師範大學學校體育研究與發展中心，《「各級學校特殊體育教學設施調查」專題研究研究成果報告》，臺北：編者出版，1996.6。

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