越界:馬華文學中的郁達夫與黃錦樹

Beyond the Boundary:Yu Da-fu and Ng Kim-chew in Chinese Malaysia literature

黃玉慧(Huang Yuhui)

指導教授 ： 吳龍雲

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與僑教學院/華語文教學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本論文是對馬華文學受困於實證疆界的思考。中國南來文人的離境催生了馬華文學，卻也把富含中華特性的意識形態、文學建制，甚至國族想像，都移植到南洋。另一方面，馬來西亞獨立後，馬來族優先式的政治結構以及國家文學機制也壓迫著馬華文學，使在台馬華文學成為境外最大詮釋社群。馬華文學在這兩種類似東方主義的夾擊中，如何不受限於有形無形的疆界，是一個重要的議題。
南來文人郁達夫和在台馬華作家黃錦樹是兩個明顯越界的例子。1938年，郁達夫到了南洋，期間提出過「大作家」之議，並且於星、馬、印諸國都未獨立前在南洋失蹤，使他的屍骸產生詮釋馬華詩學的可能性；至於黃錦樹，他在台灣書寫以馬來西亞為背景的故事，也使他落入台馬本土論述的意識夾縫中。他們兩人「越界」的身分與文本蘊藏一種歧異性，指向馬華文學「離散與流動」的過去、現在與未來，以及以國籍為認可機制的僵硬文學史建制。
本論文將從「少數文學」、「眾聲喧嘩」、「精神詩學」、「重寫馬華文學史」等面向，揭示不同世代的兩人在精神面向的相似，並以黃錦樹對郁達夫的符號建構，探討有別於生物史觀之馬華詩學，提示馬華文學史超越源初本體論，國家本位的大歷史主義的可能性。

關鍵字

馬華文學 ； 黃錦樹 ； 郁達夫 ； 後殖民 ； 中國性

並列摘要

This is a boundary-crossing study of Chinese Malaysia Literature. Literati from China catalyzed the occurrence of Chinese Malaysia Literature while bringing in Chineseness which affected ideology, literature, history and even nation imaginary. After the independence of Malaysia, Malayness became a kind of oppression. Chinese Malaysia Literature was transferred to Taiwan and turned Taiwan into the biggest Chinese Malaysia Literature community outside Malaysia. Under the grid of filtering both Chineseness and Malayness, how Chinese Malaysia Literature can achieve individuality has always been a tough issue.
Yu Da-fu, the literates from China and Ng Kim-chew, who spent more than two decades in Taiwan are the good approaches to this topic. When Yu was in Southeast Asia, he raised the “Master” issue but then disappeared there before independence of Southeast Asia countries. This facilitates a possibility of poetics. Ng who writes about Malaysia in Taiwan has a similar situation as he is considered an outsider for the geographical determinism. Their boundary-crossing is rich in equivocal meanings and leads to the Diaspora of Chinese Malaysia Literature.
This thesis consists of six chapters that focus respectively on the search for minor literature, raznorechie, poetics and rewriting literature history. With the study of Yu and Ng, we can find their similarity. Ng uses Yu as a symbol in his structure of text and finally makes it possible to rewrite a literary history in a philosophy way.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Malaysia literature ； Ng Kim-chew ； Yu Da-fu ； Post-colonialism ； Chineseness

參考文獻

林建國，〈方修論〉，《中外文學》2000年9月，第4期，頁65-98。

黃錦樹，《土與火》（台北：麥田，2005）。

黃錦樹，《焚燒》（台北：麥田，2007）。

〈黃錦樹〉。暨南大學。2009.02.16

溫瑞安，《回首暮雲遠》（台北：四季，1977）。