中華職棒大聯盟退役球員社會流動之研究

A Study of Social Mobility of Retired Players within Chinese Professional Baseball League

陳正皋(Cheng-Kao Chen)

指導教授 ： 林伯修

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/運動與休閒管理研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究目的在探討中華職棒大聯盟退役球員社會流動情形與成因，研究對象是曾經在中華職棒大聯盟元年至21年擔任職棒球員者，共462位含（臺灣大聯盟）。本研究同時採用問卷調查法與深度訪談法，以郵寄與親自遞送方式發放問卷，受限於取得職棒退役球員聯絡方式的困難，因此回收了211份問卷，有效問卷為202份，有效問卷率達96%。另外透過深度訪談法，採立意抽樣方式，依職業階層不同，訪談10位受訪者。研究結果發現：平行流動，即位於第四職業階層者最多，共有142位（70%），其中106位擔任教練，32位擔任城市棒球隊球員，另外4位擔任業務員；向下流動人數次之，共38位（19%），即位於第三、第二、與第一職業階層者次之，分別有2位、20位與16位，向下流動者主要擔任勞工，35位任職於臺北市工務局，另3位擔任辦公室事務；向上流動，即位於第五職業階層者最少，共22位（11%），其中擔任教職者有18位，擔任雇主者2位，私人公司董事與里長各1位。此外，在比較原住民與漢人職棒退役球員流動情形後，發現重要他人都是二者取得工作主因，而漢人職棒退役球員在流動情形、目前家庭經濟狀況與目前教育程度上都較原住民職棒退役球員佳。在流動因素上，造成職棒退役球員向上流動的原因為生涯規劃、個人努力與重要他人幫助，而平行流動的原因為生涯規劃、政府政策、教育程度、重要他人幫助與追求安定的工作，導致他們向下流動的原因則為學歷不足與缺乏職場所需的工作能力。另外，政府以參加比賽獲獎績效為導向的就業與升學輔導辦法，也是影響職棒退役球員流動的因素。本研究建議如下：一、主管機關應把在校成績做為學生棒球球員參與賽事的門檻；二、未來研究者可研究「要求學生球員參加棒球賽事需有學業成績門檻限制」的可行性；三、未來研究者可研究職棒退役球員代間流動情形。

關鍵字

職棒球員 ； 社會階層 ； 社會流動

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to discuss the conditions and factors of social mobility of retired players within Chines Professional Baseball League, and the total 462 players who retired between 1990 and 2010 were subject in this study. Besides, questionnaire survey and depth interview were applied at the same time, then researcher posted and sent questionnaires personally. Because it was uneasy to connect each retired player, researcher conducted 211 questionnaires back only, and 202 questionnaires were valid, the percentage was 96%.In other side, researcher used depth interview to interview 10 respondents according to different career rank. The results were below: 1. horizontal mobility condition which the fourth career level is included, the amount were 142 (70%). In these 142 retired players, there are 106 baseball coaches, another 32 are amateur city baseball team players, the other were sales. The downward mobility that the amount were 38 (19%), which the third, the second and the first career level are included. In these 38 retired players, there are 35 members work in public works department of Taipei City Government, and the others work in different company. The upward mobility was the less that the amount members were 22 (11%) members which the fifth career level is included. In these 22 retired players, there are 20 teachers, and the employer and the director has 1 separately. Researcher found the upward mobility reason are career planning, important others and own efforts. Besides, the horizontal mobility reason are career planning, educational degree important others, own efforts and the will of seeking steady job. Then, the downward mobility reason are lacking of educational degree and working ability. However, government policy is another reason that affecting mobility of retired players. Based on these results, the suggestions were as follows: 1. government should limit frequency that student baseball athletes attend competition by regulating standard academic achievement; 2. future researchers should investigate if the last forth is appropriate; future researchers should investigate the intergenerational mobility status of professional baseball athletes.

並列關鍵字

professional baseball player ； social stratification ； social mobility

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