國中女生身體意象與體重控制自我效能對體重控制行為意圖影響之研究-以嘉義市某國中為例

The research on behavioral intention of weight control influenced by body image and self-efficacy among the junior high female students of one school in Chiayi city

陳環辰(CHEN HUAN CHEN)

指導教授 ： 葉國樑 ； 曾治乾

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/健康促進與衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本論文旨在探討國中女生身體意象與體重控制自我效能對體重控制行為意圖影響之研究，以嘉義市某國中一百學年度第一學期之全體女學生為研究母群體，並獲得387位有效樣本，問卷回收率為93％，所得資料進行統計分析，主要發現結果如下:

一、 研究對象之體型分佈以「適中」者居多，「肥胖」者最少。大多數研究對象覺得別人認為自己體重是標準的，但在體重自我評量上卻覺得自己「重了些」。
二、 研究對象的身體意象，以「對過重的看法」平均數最高，「身體各部份滿意度」平均數最低；研究對象體重控制自我效能偏低，在飲食控制自我效能上以「上床睡覺前我絕不進食任何東西」的平均得分最低，運動自我效能方面以「即使已經非常忙碌我還是會去運動」的平均得分最低。
三、 39.8％的研究對象可能進行體重控制行為，57.9％同意未來進行體重控制的目的是為了減輕體重，過半數的研究對象同意以飲食及運動的方式控制體重，不同意以參加減重班的方式來進行。83.7％反對以減肥藥或瘦身產品來進行體重控制。
四、 研究對象的年級愈高身體意象滿意度愈差；體重愈重者愈在意自己的體重變化情形；在身體各部位滿意程度上，體型過輕者滿意度最高，其次為適中者，最不滿意的為過重者。不同體型與整體體重控制自我效能、飲食控制自我效能呈顯著差異。
五、 研究對象的「整體身體意象」、「體適能層面」、「外表層面」、「健康與疾病層面」、「對過重的看法」、「身體部位的滿意程度」與體重控制自我效能成正相關。
六、 體重控制行為意圖會因年級、體重控制經驗、體型的不同而有差異。整體體重控制自我效能、飲食控制自我效能與體重控制行為意圖呈現正相關。主要預測變項為「年級」、「對過重的看法」、「體重自我評量」、「過去體重控制經驗」，其中以「對過重的看法」最具影響力，「體重自我評量」次之，可解釋其總變異量的43％。

關鍵字

國中女生 ； 身體意象 ； 體重控制自我效能 ； 體重控制行為意圖

並列摘要

The study aimed at exploring on behavioral intention of weight control influenced by body image and self-efficacy among the junior high female students of one school in Chiayi city. There are 14 classes accommodating 415 girl students involved in this test. This poll adopted stratified survey sampling to ask 415 people and returned 387 qualified, self-edited, and structured questionnaires, and getting successful returning rate of 93%. All the information is analyzed by the way of descriptive statics, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The experimentally chief discoveries are below:
1. The figures of researching objects mostly lie in moderate in majority, but chubby in minority. Most of survey candidates felt that even though others considered their weight is standard, though, they still felt themselves a little bit heavier in their own consciousness.
2. The body images of survey candidates mostly regarded themselves over-weighted average in majority, but their body self-satisfied average in minority. Especially on those samples lacking for self-containment on weight-control, most of them usually fail not to have supper before sleeping on diet-control aspect, and not to exercise for the excuse of over-busy or over-exhausted.
3. 39.8% of survey candidates might be going on weight control behavior, and 57.9% of candidates granted to go on weight control to reduce the weight. More than half survey candidates would agree to go on a diet or exercise to contain the weight on their own, but they won’t join any weight-losing classes some day in the future. 83.7% of candidates disagree to use drugs or any products to lose weight.
4. We would find an interesting phenomenon that the higher the grade is, the less satisfaction they feel. Those variables including the past weight-controlling experiences, a variety of satisfactory levels and self-evaluated weight make the dominant difference. The over-weighted would much more care about their changing of weight, the under-weighted would be much more satisfied with their body shapes, and the moderate would feel mild on their figures.
5. Searching on the relevancies among total body image, out-looking level, health and disease level, the view-point of over weight, the satisfactory degree on parts, and weight controlled efficiency from the survey objects.
6. The intention of weight-controlled behaviors would make a lot of difference by grades, weight-controlled experiences, and figures. Generally speaking, weight-controlled self-efficiency has positive relation with diet control and weight-controlled behaviors. But it has no influence or relevance with self-controlled exercise.
7. It can explain 42% of the total variance factors that are living background, body image, weight-controlled self-efficiency to predict or anticipate the intention of weight-controlled behaviors. The major variables include the contrast group between grade one students and grade three, the view-points of overweight, self-evaluated weight, body satisfaction to the self-efficiency of weight controlling, especially influenced by the view-points of overweight the majorities and self-evaluated weight the secondary.
Key words: Junior high female students, Body image, self-efficacy of weight control, behavioral intention of weight control

並列關鍵字

Junior high female students ； Body image ； self-efficacy of weight control ； behavioral intention of weight control

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