三位童年性侵害女性成人復原歷程研究--以社會文化脈絡觀點詮釋之

A Study of the Recovery Process of Three Adult Women of Childhood Sexual Abuse--using the perspective of social culture context

林佩儀(Pey-Yi Lin)

指導教授 ： 鄔佩麗

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育心理與輔導學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

中 文 摘 要
本研究的目的在於從社會文化脈絡的觀點下，瞭解三位童年性侵害女性成人復原歷程中的困境與改變經驗。期望透過研究結果的發現，可以更瞭解童年受創的女性成人，在復原歷程中所面臨的困境與其實際的改變經驗。並且經由對其復原歷程深入的瞭解，可以提供給實際從事性侵害治療實務工作者的參考依據。
本研究採取質化研究之深度訪談法，以半結構式的訪談大綱進行訪談、蒐集資料，並將訪談的結果謄寫成逐字稿分析。分析的脈絡是以受訪者逐字稿、研究者本身、與文獻三者之間來回循環與對話，透過循環理解過程，深入詮釋受訪者的經驗，以之作為進一步的討論依據。
本研究的發現如下：
一、 三位童年性侵害的女性成人在復原歷程中，對性創傷的意義建構，深受社會文化脈絡的影響，而形成在復原歷程中的困境。研究結果發現，三位女性所面臨的困境呈現以下五個現象：家族主義優於個人主義、貞操觀念危及女性生存價值、刻板化性別角色限制女性力量的發展、傳統社會對女性生涯路的期許、不平等的權力關係形塑女性深層的無力感。
二、 三位童年性侵害的女性成人復原歷程中改變經驗的發現如下：同性戀與精神疾病的困擾是生活中關注的焦點、促發轉變的動機需要醞釀（負向情緒累積醞釀改變的發生、企圖尋求生活困擾的根源、對自我完整的期許）、外在支持力量有助於轉變的發生（正向支持力量介入協助轉變的決定、透過轉換環境解除壓力困境）、缺乏滋潤性力量使改變發生繫於個人、接受心理專業治療帶給受害者自我療癒的資產（團體治療方式減低烙印感，並且破除性侵害秘密的藩籬、情緒宣洩帶來身心釋放的療效、治療是一連串重新得力的過程）、具有性別觀點的心理治療提供更完整的接納空間、傳統孝道與集體主義文化造成治療中的困境。
三、 從三位受訪者的訪談中發現，受訪者對於復原的意義建構，與其成長背景與社會文化脈絡有關連。受訪者的復原意義有具體的改變目標，且復原的方向會受到社會與家庭觀念的影響。研究者對照治療者對復原的看法，認為復原是歷程性且無靜止的目標，著重於個人內在心理的自我力量增強，發展正向的因應行為與認知的調整。治療者與受訪者對復原意義建構的差距，提供給從事性侵害治療工作者，需以社會文化脈絡的角度來理解受訪者，期以更能貼近受訪者的經驗。
四、 研究者對整個研究反省的思考，呈現於第四部分。研究結果發現，性別意識與性侵害治療的關係密切。社會大眾對性侵害的迷思建構與受害者對於自身性創傷的理解，深受父權社會制度下性別角色刻板化的影響。所以，對於從事性侵害治療工作者需有性別意識的觀點，以避免重新複製對性侵害與女性的迷思於受害者身上。其次提供以女性為主體的治療經驗，對於長期受到性侵害權力不平等的受害者來說，是極為重要的一個治療關係。並且治療取向也能夠以女性為主體的治療觀，不以改變女性內在心理去適應外在社會期許，而能開發女性獨有的特質與價值。最後，發現對於性侵害問題的理解需要從社會脈絡的角度來看，無法以線性因果觀來簡單看待。從個人、家庭，拓展到社會脈絡的觀點，可以更為豐富的理解受害者整體經驗的內涵。
最後，根據研究的結果，本研究提出對性侵害治療工作者具體的建議，並於後提出對未來研究的建議，以作為後續研究的參考。
關鍵字：童年性侵害、女性性侵害倖存者、復原歷程、社會文化脈絡觀點

關鍵字

童年性侵害 ； 復原歷程 ； 社會文化脈絡觀點 ； 女性性侵害倖存者

並列摘要

A Study of the Recovery Process of Three Adult Women of Childhood Sexual Abuse
-Using the Perspective of Social Culture Context
Pey-Yi Lin
ABSTRACT
The recovery process of three adult women at childhood sexual abuse in the social culture context is studied in this thesis. The purpose of this research herein is to explore the recovery experiences of these childhood sexual abuse women in their lives. This study conducts in-depth interview with considerations and realizations by the semi-structured questionnaire on sexual abuse incidents and the impressive events of development. The results of interviewing had generated lots of written reports that serve as the grounded hermeneutic for analysis.
The results are as follows:
1. The traditional social culture and its corresponding values are deeply affected and influenced the recovery plights of these childhood sexual abuse women. The familism, virginity, traditionalism and inequality aspects of gender, once make these survivors hopeless in their recovery lives. The survivors were faced with difficult conditions, such as the familism first than individualism, the loss of virginity meaning the loss of women values and worth, traditional gender-role education limiting the development of female power, the traditional social expectation limiting the development of women career, unequal power relationship shaping the deeply powerless and hopeless of female.
2. It is also found from the recovery experience of these survivors: outside aides such as psychotherapy will vary the homosexuality aptitude and heal the suffering of depressions. Especially, wholly acceptance for survivors through respecting gender issues in psychotherapy is important which can release from and offset the limitation of filial duty and the patriarchal fetish traditionalism.
3. From the investigations, the survivors' recovery experiences are concerning with and affected by the growing background and society culture themselves. Nevertheless, from the view of therapists, the recovery process does not complete and it should focus on the individual character of survivors' strengthened alteration and complement, the positive coping development, and the cognition adjustment. It is markedly for therapists considerate and understand the individual survivors' conditions of theirs growing circumstances and its corresponding society to diminish and to press close to the survivors.
4. It is also obtained in the study, the gender sense has significant relations to sexual abuse treatment. To avoid increasing and remaking the patriarchal myths of female and sexual abuse once again, the therapists who devote themselves to sexual abuse treatment must understand particular records about the frame of feminine background and its corresponding culture. Moreover, the therapist must offer the wholly acceptance to female survivors and utilize the feminist perspective to treating them. Finally, understanding and closely to the sexual abuse experience needs the social context perspective rather than the interpretation of cause and effect.
The investigation results and the inferences on the counseling practice are also discussed and described in the final chapter. Moreover, suggestions and further studies are outlined from main results of the research.

參考文獻

羅燦煐（民88a）。他山之石：女性主義性暴力防制論述之困境與省思。1999性別與兩性研討會。

劉惠琴（民88）。女性主義觀點看夫妻衝突與影響歷程。婦女與兩性學刊，10，41-77。

參考文獻

中文部分

王燦槐（民88）。性侵害被害者的心理症狀及復原歷程的評量-個別輔導與團體輔導模式建立。內政部性侵害防制委員會研究報告。