大琉璃紋鳳蝶與琉璃紋鳳蝶親緣關係之探討

Phylogenetic relationship between Papilio paris Linnaeus and P. hermosanus Rebel

何孟娟(Ho Meng-Chuan)

指導教授 ： 徐堉峰

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生物學系/碩士(1999年)

摘要

大琉璃紋鳳蝶(Papilio paris)與琉璃紋鳳蝶(P. hermosanus)於系統分類上的地位向來備受爭議，本研究利用形態生態分析、同功異構酵素及粒線體DNA序列對台灣之大琉璃紋鳳蝶(P. p. nakaharai)與琉璃紋鳳蝶進行探究，並以大陸產之原名亞種(P. p. paris)做一比較分析，另選取同為bianor-paris種群的翠鳳蝶(P. bianor thrasymedes)及穹翠鳳蝶(P. dialis tatsuta)以為外群分析之用。
於形態生態方面，雄性生殖器、發香鱗分布的面積比例、卵的大小和食性測試結果均顯示出大琉璃紋鳳蝶與琉璃紋鳳蝶間存在著差異；在遺傳上，兩分類單元間之遺傳距離D＝0.373（由同功異構酵素估算出來），已可將之視為不同的生物種，且將粒線體COI基因序列片段以Maximum Parsimony及Neighbor Joining方法所建構出之親緣關係樹進行比較，結果亦顯示兩分類單元歸屬於不同的分群。
綜合整個研究，形態生態資料與分子遺傳資料分析所得之結果互相輔證，兩者均支持Shirôzu將琉璃紋鳳蝶視為獨立生物種的處理，異域種化之假說因之成立，意即琉璃紋鳳蝶應為台灣之特有生物種，而大琉璃紋鳳蝶可能於第四紀冰河期才由大陸擴散來台，但當時其與琉璃紋鳳蝶也許已走在演化分歧的道路上了！

關鍵字

蝴蝶 ； 大琉璃紋鳳蝶 ； 琉璃紋鳳蝶 ； 親緣關係 ； 食性測試 ； 同功異構酵素 ； 粒線體DNA ； HASH(0x8c97a2c)

並列摘要

The systematic status between Papilio paris and P. p. hermosanus are controversial, and so far no convincing evidence has been available to elucidate this problem. Characters based upon morphology, ecology, allozyme allele frequency and mtDNA sequence variation were surveyed P. p. nakaharai and P. p. hermosanus from Taiwan, which were compared with P. p. paris from the Asiatic continent. Using samples of P. bianor thrasymedes and P. dialis tatsuta of the bianor-paris species group in Taiwan were served as outgroup taxa in these analyses.
Data from male genital morphology, androconial patch size, eggs size and feeding tests provided clear distinction between P. paris nakaharai and P. p. hermosanus. On the other hand, genetic distance ( D＝0.373, calculated from allozyme data ) between the two taxa revealed that they should be regarded as distinct species. By analyzing a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene sequence, the phylogenetic relationship of the two taxa also showes they represent independent evolutionary lineages. Consequently two distinct species could be recognized based upon these data, namely, P. paris ranging across Asiatic continent to north Taiwan and the islands where the Sundaland located, and P. hermosanus endemic to Taiwan.
The results of this study suggest that the hypothesis of allopatric speciation was supported. In other words, P. paris might be derived from a recent dispersal to Taiwan during last glacial stage of Quarternary, but they were already genetically and phenotypically isolated from P. hermosanus, which were descents of previous invasion at the time

並列關鍵字

butterfly ； Papilio paris ； Papilio paris nakaharai ； Papilio hermosanus ； phylogenetic relationship ； fedding test ； allozyme ； mtDNA

參考文獻

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