中年人運動階段、身體活動及其影響因素之研究∼以臺北市中山區居民為例

The Stages of Exercise, Physiacl Activity and Their Determinants: A Study of the Middle-Aged from the Chungshan District in Taipei

李碧霞(Bi-Xia Li)

指導教授 ： 呂昌明

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/衛生教育學系/博士(2000年)

摘要

本研究旨在了解社區中年人的運動階段、身體活動量及其影響因素。以臺北市中山區的中年人為研究母群體，由隨機抽樣的40∼64歲名冊中，採分層集束抽樣法（cluster sampling），於民國90年4月至5月間，派遣訪員進行訪談式問卷調查，共完成504名。所得資料以卡方檢定、t-test、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、斯皮爾曼等級相關、多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。重要結果如下；
1.研究對象的運動自我效能略低於中間值；具有中等程度的知覺運動障
礙；有高度的知覺運動益處；來自家人、朋友、醫護人員的運動社會支
持屬中等。
2.研究對象的運動階段有6.0%是無意圖期、4.4%是意圖期、55%是準備
期、4.6%是行動期、30.6%是維持期。
3.影響社區中年人運動階段的因素包括年齡、職業、運動自我效能、知覺
運動障礙及運動社會支持。
4.身體活動量會因運動階段的不同而有顯著差異，維持期者的身體活動量
顯著高於準備期、意圖期和無意圖期者。
5.研究對象平時最常從事的身體活動項目是走路、拖地、散步及爬樓梯；
假日最常從事的身體活動項目是爬山、走路、散步及拖地。
6.社區中年人的相對身體活動量及相對中重度身體活動量在性別、身體活
動方式、有無子女及自覺健康狀況上有差異；相對身體活動量及相對中
重度身體活動量均與運動自我效能、運動社會支持、社區運動場所呈顯
著正相關。
7.運動自我效能、運動社會支持、性別、教育程度、過去運動代表隊經
驗、運動傷害經驗、社區運動場所等，分別是社區中年人相對身體活動
量及相對中重度身體活動量的重要預測變項，這些變項可解釋前二者各
13%的變異量。
本研究建議針對不同運動階段者及特殊對象設計健康體適能教育方案、協助中年人克服運動障礙、工作場所提供健身運動設施及活動等，以提昇中年人的身體活動。

關鍵字

中年人 ； 運動階段 ； 身體活動

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the stages of exercise, amount of physical activity and their determinants among the middle-aged in a community. The subjects chosen were from the middle-aged of the Chungshan District in Taipei. Cluster sampling was used to choose from the age group of 40~64 during April and May 2001. Questionnaires were used in the interviews with a total of five hundred and four (504) subjects. The data thus collected were analyzed with Chi-square test, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, Spearman rank-order correlation and Multiple regression. The results are：
1. This study finds out in the selected subjects the self-
efficacy for exercise slightly below the mean; medium
perceived barriers for exercise; high perceived benefits for
exercise, and medium social supports from family, friends
and the medical personnel;
2. In terms of the stages of exercise of the subjects, 6.0% are
precontemplation ; 4.4% are contemplation; 55% are
preparation; 4.6% are action and 30.6% are maintenance;
3. The factors that help determine the stages of exercise of
the middle aged in the community include age, occupation,
self-efficacy for exercise, perceived barriers for
exercise, and social supports for exercise;
4. Significant variance is observed in the amount of physical
activity depending on the stages of exercise, and the
highest amount of physical activity is found in the phase of
maintenance compared to the other phases of preparation,
contemplation, and precontemplation ;
5. Walking, strolling, mopping floor and stair-climbing are the
most frequently engaged exercises of the subjects during
weekdays; hiking, walking, strolling and mopping floor are
those during weekends and holidays;
6. Relative amount of physical activity and relative amount of
moderate to vigorous physical activity of the middle aged in
the community differ in gender, type of physical activity,
raising any child or not, and perceived health status; they
also indicate positive correlation with the self-efficacy
for exercise, social supports, and places available for
sports in the community; and
7. Self-efficacy for exercise, social supports, gender,
educational background, athletic team experiences, exercise
injury experiences, and places available for sports in the
community are major predictors for both relative amount of
physical activity and relative amount of moderate to
vigorous physical activity of the middle aged in the
community; explaining 13% variation respectively achieved in
both relative amounts of physical activity.
Finally, in order to promote physical activity among the
middle aged, this study proposes to develop health fitting
educational programs both according to various stages of
exercise and for those with particular needs, to help the
middle aged overcome perceived barriers for exercise, and to
provide at work places proper exercise facilities and
activities.

並列關鍵字

the middle-aged ； stages of exercise ； physical activity

參考文獻

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