澎湖群島的里海模式探討—以南寮村及北寮村為例

隨著經濟發展及海洋生態破壞，尋求能永續利用生物資源、保存在地文化並持續維持經濟發展的管理模式成為一個重要課題。本研究應用「里海」概念，探討在沿海地區透過人為介入來維持生物多樣性和健康海域，並同時提高生產量，建構人類與海洋環境的和諧關係之治理模式。澎湖群島，受惠於東北季風和冷暖流交會的地理位置，海洋生物多樣，且漁業資源富饒。沿海地區的海洋資源最為豐富，當地居民長期與沿海環境互動，發展出與大自然和諧共處的生存模式；今日，位於湖西鄉沿海村落的南寮村及北寮村，依舊傳承著先民與環境互動產生的智慧。隨著當地社區的活絡發展以及在地協力組織與政府資源的注入，該地的發展展露出獨特歷史脈絡，體現人和環境共存共榮的和諧關係，並創造出兼顧在地生活、生產及生態的模式；南寮及北寮村，使里海的精神能夠在此實踐，創造永續的保存價值。本研究之研究場域為澎湖縣湖西鄉南寮村及北寮村，研究強調里海五大要素：物質循環、生態系、在地互動、地區及主角，探討南北寮村現況與里海間的關係，再以兩村在地居民為研究對象，並採用質性研究中的訪談，透過十三位居民的訪談調查，確立居民如何看待以人為介入的方式與沿海環境互動後，加以調整澎湖群島的里海模式。除了里海模式中的五大要素，本研究亦發現影響里海的重要要素－「先民經驗」。除了日本省(2011)所提出的里海五大要素外，能維持南寮與北寮村的里海模式條件為「先民經驗」。南寮村及北寮村所發展的里海模式是基於在地居民過去長期與環境互動下的經驗。因此承襲過往所存留下來的經驗，是促進南寮村及北寮村環境永續發展及保持「里海」模式之方向。

關鍵字

里海；澎湖群島；南寮村；北寮村；先民經驗

並列摘要

Due to advanced development, searching for a management system that enables the sustainable use of biological resources and preserves the local culture, yet maintains economic development has become a crucial issue. Scholar Yanagi in 1998 proposed the "Sato-umi" management system, considered that biodiversity and a healthy sea area can be maintained through human intervention with production still keeping growing, and constructed a harmonious relationship between mankind and the environment. Penghu Archipelago, thanks to the northeast monsoon and geographic location in the intersection of cold and warm currents, is known for its amazing marine biodiversity as well as fisheries resources. In the coastal area lies the most abundant marine resources, and local residents have developed a way of living in harmony with nature through long-term interaction with coastal environment. Today, Nanliao and Beiliao Villagers, who are located in the coastal villages of Huhsi township, still inherit wisdom owing to interaction with environment by their ancestors. Due to the active community development as well as resources injection from local organization and the government, the development at Nanliao and Beiliao Village demonstrates the unique historical context, embodies the harmonic relation of coexistence and coprosperity between people and environment, showcasing a living model of balancing among life, production and ecology. Nanliao and Beiliao Villages, the incarnation of the spirit of the Sato-umi, create a sustainable preservation. In this study, Nanliao Village and Beiliao Village, which are located in Huhsi township from Penghu County, were selected as the research field, and the local residents of these two villages were selected as the research object. The study emphasizes five elements of the Satoumi: material circulation, ecosystems, commmunication, field for acctiviry and exectors for activity .The researcher conducted qualitative research to explore the relationship between the current situation of these villages and the Sato-umi, expecting that this study will explore the sustainable development of Sato-umi management system in Nanliao Village and Beiliao Village.A face-to-face interview survey was counducted 13 local resident from Nanliao Village and Beiliao Village. The survey aimed to identify how local residents perceive the role of human intervention in preserving such an environment. The study found that the development of the Sato-umi in Nanliao Village and Beiliao Village was based on past experience of local people interacting with the environment.Therefore, inheriting the past experience is the way to promote sustainable development of the environment in Nanliao Village and Beiliao Village.