- 學位論文
精神康復者的網路使用狀況與充權關係之探究
A Study on the Association between Internet Use and the Empowerment of People with Mental Illness
摘要
現今社會網路使用的狀況越來越頻繁，網路幾乎已成為我們日常生活中所 不可缺少的一部份，且因著網路的可近性使回到社區中的精神康復者也有相當高的機會能夠接觸到網路，而透過網路我們能增強知識的獲得，也提供我們與他人互動等功能，而網路固有的特性與功能也許能夠對於精神康復者的充權有所幫助，故本研究以居住於社區中的精神康復者為研究對象，透過網路問卷進行調查，希望能了解精神康復者目前的網路使用狀況與充權之情形，並探討精神康復者的網路使用狀況與其充權間的關係。使用「精神疾病汙名量表」、「網路使用動機量表」、「充權量表」三個部分整體問卷之Cronbach’s α分別為.87、.89、.90 並在實際施測前邀請兩位精神康復者針對問卷中的用語給予回饋及意見，以確認受訪者了解無礙。 以G-Power軟體計算預計需要85位受訪者，針對實際所蒐集到的106份 問卷進行統計分析，針對研究問題，運用統計軟體SPSS，以描述性統計、 t檢定、單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、複迴歸等統計方式進行資料分析。 研究主要發現如下： 1.精神康復者的網路使用年資大多在十年以上，每週平均上網30.61小時，最多精神康復者會使用的類型為網路互動服務平台、利用搜尋引擎 找資料、線上影音網站，最常使用的網路類型與功能為網路互動服務平台，其次為上網聊天，而網路使用動機以工具性動機得分最高。 2.根據宋麗玉（2013）將充權量表區分「高度充權」、「中度到高」、「尚可至中度」、「低度充權」四種程度，目前精神康復者的充權整體狀況為低度充權，且處於低度個人充權、尚可至中度的人際充權及社會政治充權，而在此三層面的充權中，人際充權整體狀況最好，其次為社會政治充權整體，個人充權整體狀況最差。 3.網路使用年資對於充權不具有顯著預測力。網路使用狀況對於充權整體及個人充權皆不具有顯著預測力。平均一週上網時間與網路使用類型與功能對於人際充權具有預測力，且平均一週上網時間越長人際充權越差，常收發或處理電子郵件功能相較於常網路互動服務平台有較好的人際充權，常使用網路論壇相較於常使用網路互動服務平台者有較差的人際充權。而網路使用類型與功能及網路使用動機對社會政治充權具有預測力，常收發或處理電子郵件功能相較於常網路互動服務平台有較好的社會政治充權，常使用網路論壇相較於常使用網路互動服務平台者有較差的社會政治充權，且社交性動機越強社會政治充權越好，工具性動機越強社會政治充權越好。 根據研究結果，建議能夠藉由精神康復者的網路使用動機，提升他們的社會政治充權並考慮適度運用電子郵件、網路互動服務平台作為社會工作與精神康復者互動的工具協助他們適應生活，且家人與專業人員共同合作協助降低網路所可能對精神康復者造成的負面影響，以及減少社會對他們的汙名，進而提升精神康復者的充權，但也提醒社工在使用網路與精神康復者進行互動的過程中也要遵守社會工作倫理守則並注意倫理上的議題 。
並列摘要
Currently, the frequency of using the internet continues to increase. The internet has almost become an indispensable part of our life, and because of the ease of accessibility, even people with mental illness have a strong chance of accessing the internet. Not only can we obtain knowledge through the internet, but it also provides us with the ability to interact with others.The characteristics and functions of the internet may be helpful to people with mental illness, so this study focuses on such people living in the community. Through an online questionnaire, I aimed to explore and understand the current situation of internet use and empowerment of people with mental illness. The questionnaire contains three parts: "The Stigma of Mental Health Diseases Scale", "The Internet Motivation Scale", and the "Empowerment Scale". Factor analyses were conducted on the 106 returned questionnaires. The analytical structure of these factor analyses are about the same as in past research. The overall questionnaire Cronbach's α values are .87, .89 and .90, respectively. Before the actual experiment, we invited two people with mental illness to give us feedback and opinions on the terms in the questionnaire to confirm that the respondents' can understand the topic. Estimated by G-power software, at least 85 respondents were expected. Statistical analysis of the 106 questionnaires actually collected was carried out. SPSS statistical software was adopted, and Descriptive Statistics, t Test, ANOVA, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Analysis and multiple regression analysis methods were used to conduct data analysis on the specific topic in this research. The major findings in this research are as follows: 1.Most people with mental illness have used the internet for more than ten years, with average weekly internet usage time of 30.61 hours. The type and the functions of internet usage most used by people with mental illness are online interactive service platforms, search engines to find information, and online video sites. The internet types and functions they use most often are online interactive service platforms, followed by chatting online. The highest score for instrumental motivation in motivation for internet use. 2.At present, the overall situation of people with mental illness is one of low empowerment: i.e., low personal empowerment, moderate interpersonal empowerment and moderate social and political empowerment. Among these three levels of empowerment, interpersonal empowerment is the primary one, followed by social and political empowerment, and personal empowerment as the worst. 3.The age of use of the internet does not have significant predictive power for the empowerment. The internet use does not have significant predictive power for the overall and personal empowerment of people with mental illness. The average weekly internet usage time, and the internet types and functions have significant predictive power for the interpersonal empowerment of people with mental illness. The average weekly internet usage time has predictive power for the interpersonal empowerment; the longer the average weekly internet usage time, the worse the interpersonal empowerment. People with mental illness who often send or receive email functions have better interpersonal empowerment than those who use the internet interactive service platform. People with mental illness who use internet forums often have poorer interpersonal empowerment than those who use the internet interactive service platforms. The internet types and functions, and the motivation for internet use have significant predictive power for the social and political empowerment of people with mental illness. People with mental illness who often send or receive email functions have better social and political empowerment than those who use the internet interactive service platform. People with mental illness who use internet forums often have poorer social and political empowerment than those who use the internet interactive service platforms. Social motivation and instrumental motivation have significant predictive power for the social and political empowerment. The stronger the social motivation, the better the social and political empowerment. The stronger the instrumental motivation, the better the social and political empowerment. According to the results of the study, it is suggested that enhancing the social and political empowerment of people with mental illness through their motivation for internet use. Social workers can increase interaction with people with mental illness in communities through the emails and the internet interactive service platforms to help them adapt to life. With the support of family and professionals, we can help reduce the negative impacts of the internet, such as social stigma, thereby enhancing the empowerment of people with mental illness. However, it also reminds social workers to observe the ethics of social work and pay attention to ethical issues in the process of using the internet to interact with people with mental illness.