有錢就會幸福嗎? 被動收入與主觀幸福感之關聯性研究

主觀幸福感不僅是衡量社會進步及人民福祉的指標之一，同時也是衡量個人生活品質的重要基礎，有鑑於國內較少有文章探討被動收入與主觀幸福感之關係，據此，本研究之主要目的為 (1) 探討研究對象被動收入與其主觀幸福感的現況；(2) 探討研究對象個人背景因素與其主觀幸福感之關聯性；(3) 探討研究對象被動收入與其主觀幸福感是否具有關聯性；(4)探討研究對象被動收入高於主動收入與其主觀幸福感之關聯性。本研究於2023年2月至2023年3月間，採立意取樣方式納入共計391位45歲以上臺灣民眾進行分析，並藉由網路問卷調查個人背景因素、被動收入現況，及使用WHO-5幸福指標量表測量主觀幸福感程度。以二元邏輯斯回歸 (binary logistic regression) 分析研究對象被動收入及主觀幸福感之關聯性。主要研究結果如下: (1) 81.6%的研究對象有被動收入，且多數(51.9%)人之被動收入來源為投資股票的配股配息。WHO-5幸福指標量表平均得分為68.50，呈高度幸福感情形；(2) 本研究對象為不同教育程度、居住地區者，其主觀幸福感程度呈顯著差異，而性別、年齡、婚姻及居住狀況、職業、工作總年資等變項則未呈顯著相關；(3)本研究對象為有被動收入者其主觀幸福感整體分數顯著高於無被動收入者，且被動收入來源為投資股票的配股配息者其感到高度幸福感之勝算比為無被動收入來源為投資股票所獲配股配息者的2.03倍；(4) 在控制可能的影響因素下，被動收入高於主動收入者其主觀幸福感則未顯著相關。綜上所述，本研究之發現為擁有被動收入者其主觀幸福感程度高於無被動收入者，且擁有投資股票的配股配息為被動收入來源者有較高的機率感到高度幸福感。建議未來可針對其他新興被動收入來源，分析其與幸福感之間的關係，以及探討影響被動收入與幸福感的潛在中介因子等相關研究驗證。

關鍵字

收入；被動收入；主觀幸福感； WHO-5幸福指標量表；成年人

並列摘要

Subjective well-being is not only an indicator of economic growth and life satisfaction but individual' s quality of life. Given that limited studies have examined the association of passive income with subjective well-being, this study aimed to examine (1) the descriptive statistics of passive income and subjective well-being (2) associations between demographic factors and subjective well-being (3) association between passive income and subjective well-being (4) whether passive income is higher than active income is related to higher subjective well-being. An internet-based survey targeting on adults aged over 45 years was conducted using purposive sampling during Feb and March 2023. Data on demographic factors, passive income and subjective well-being (WHO-5) were collected. Binary logistic regression models were used. The results showed that (1) a total of 81.6% respondents had passive income and most of them (51.9) had dividend from stock. The average score of WHO-5 was 68.50. (2) Different education levels and living areas are associated with subjective well-being. (3) Respondents with passive income had higher scores of subjective well-being than those without. Moreover, respondents who had dividend from stock were 2.03 times more likely to have high subjective well-being than those who did not. (4) After controlling confounders, respondents who had higher passive income than active income was not related to higher subjective well-being. In conclusion, this study revealed that individuals with passive income had higher subjective well-being than those without passive income, especially for those who had dividend from stock. It is suggested that future studies can investigate other sources of passive income, as well as mediators of passive income and subjective well-being.