文官制度面臨21世紀新時代的挑戰,如經濟低成長、高失業率及績效追求之壓 力等客觀條件及環境之劇烈變更,而公務員制度跟不上改革的腳步的批評。自1984 年以來,自司法院大法官解釋處理特別權力關係之始,行政機關開始重視公務人員 權益的保障,特別是1996年制定公務人員保障法致力於保障公務人員權益;又2003年全面修正該法,此法制上之努力能否促進公務人員權益保障制度更加完善,影響全國 中央及地方政府之公務員,對於公務員權益之容有研究、探討餘地。本論文以「公務 員法」中之公務人員保障法制之學理及實務問題,作為撰寫題材,由公務員保障法制 與實務運作為兩個面向為基礎。 爲達上述研究目的,本文所欲研究之問題有:一、從瞭解日本公務員保障制度之 保障對象、保障項目、保障組織及保障程序等層面瞭解我國公務人員保障制度之問題 ;二、分析我國憲法所定位之公務員制度及其保障制度之基本內涵;三、從憲法確立 之公務員保障制度論及公務人員保障法明定之保障對象、保障項目、保障組織及保障 程序等層面,檢討保障內容是否妥適;四、檢討公務人員保障之上開內容之實務,釐 清實務面之問題與解決途徑;五,提出對於我國公務人員保障制度之改進建議,俾利 公務員法制之健全,以落實公務人員權益保障。因我國保障法之立法例參考日本制度 ,故擬將日本法關於公務員救濟制度納入研究範圍,例如可提起救濟之對象、行政行 為、救濟管道與類型等,進而研提改進的方向,俾使公務人員保障制度能因應時代的 變遷及政府政策的發展,而作切合時宜的改進。 我國憲法所定之公務員制度與保障法規,應配合時代、科技演進,設計符合我國 之制度,並確實的實踐制度設計目的與精神,於公務員與一般人民之差異定性、行政 權(特別在於人事管理權)與司法審查之關係、地方自治對於公務員之影響、人事院 或保障事件審議機構之組織與程序,回應反思我國公務人員保障法運作之保障對象、 事項、組織與程序之設計,提供司法實務之改進。
Civil service system facing 21st century challenges of the times. Since 1984 the years, from the Justices explained handle special power relations at the beginning of the executive paying attention to public servants' equity protection, especially in 1996 to develop Civil Service Protection Act committed to protect public servants' equity; and in 2003 a comprehensive amendment to the law. This legal system's efforts can promote public servants equity security system to a more enhanced, affecting the country of central and local government civil servants, for civil rights and interests of the volumes have a study on room. In this thesis, "Civil service Law" in the legal system of the Civil Service Protection theoretical and practical issues, as of this writing theme, by civil servants working for the protection of the legal system and practice based on two dimensions. To achieve the above research purposes, this article would research problems: 1. from the understanding of Japanese civil service security system of security objects, security projects, security organizations and security procedures and other aspects understand our public servants security system of the problem; 2. the analysis of the Constitution the positioning of the civil service system and the security system of the basic connotation; 3. from the civil protection system established by the constitution addressed the Civil Service Protection Law stipulates that the security objects, security projects to protect and safeguard procedures, organizational aspects, protection of the contents of the review whether proper ; 4. review the Civil Service Protection on open content practices, to clarify the practical side of the problems and Solutions; 5. proposed for our Civil Service Protection system recommendations for improvement, to serve civil legal system of strength, in order to implement the civil servants' equity guarantee.