機器的革命：人類與機器是否能互利共生?

Revolution on Robots : Can We Achieve Mutualism ?

林昆漢(LIN,KUN HAN)

指導教授 ： 盧佳慧

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/經濟學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本篇論文主要探討機器人的存在對於資本存量、家計單位的消費量、國內生產毛額等總體經濟變數的影響。文章內使用代表性家計單位與廠商模型去研究機器人與高、低技術勞動力之間的工作取代關係。廠商組合四種生產要素進行生產，並可粗分成三部分，第一部分由低技術勞動力與機器人所組成，另一種是高技術勞動力，最後則是其他機器設備。這三個部分需互相合作，缺一不可；而家計單位由高、低技術勞動所組成，共同持有資本，並做出其消費與工作時數之最適決策，並以此了解經濟體系中，國民所得、各勞動工資、工時、資本存量、最終財、家計單位的消費傾向。
主要結論如下：機器人的生產力提高，將會不僅替代掉低技術勞動，也替代掉高技術勞動的工作，而生產過程愈不仰賴機器人與高、低技術勞動(轉而仰賴其他機器設備)的經濟體系將有著較高的最終財產出、家計消費。

關鍵字

低技術勞動 ； 高技術勞動 ； 機器人

並列摘要

This thesis mainly discuss the impact of the existence of robots on the macroeconomic variables such like capital stock, the amount of household consumption and gross domestic product…etc. In my article, I use representative household-and-firm model to study the substitution related partnership between the robots and the high and low skilled workers. Firm combines four kinds of factors of production to produce the final product. And the production function can be viewed as three parts, the first part consists of unskilled labors and the robots. The second part is by high skilled labors, and finally, the last part is by the other capitals and machines. We can produce nothing without using one of the three part, they must work as a whole. And household is made with high and skilled labors, they hold capitals in common, and do the best decision on how much work to do, how many goods to consume. Therefore, we can get more information of this economy, like the amount of national income, wages been paid for high and low skilled workers, the working times, the amount of capital stocks, the amount of final goods, and the tendency of household consumption.The conclusion is that the higher the productivity do robots have, it will displace the working time of both high and low skilled labor. And, the production process rely less on robots or high and low skilled labors (i.e. rely more on the other capitals) , will produce more final products and be more household consumption.

並列關鍵字

Labor substitution ； Unskilled labor ； Skilled labor ； Robot

參考文獻

Richard M. Cyert and David C. Mowery, Editors, “Technology and Employment:

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