視覺藝術創作者於台北都會空間群聚之探討

An Analysis of Visual Artist Clustering in Taipei Metropolitan Area

田智娟(Chih-Chuan Tien)

指導教授 ： 金家禾

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/不動產與城鄉環境學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

產業群聚一直是經濟地理學界探討的熱門議題，近年來世界各國對於文化創意產業的重視。過去許多研究指出文化創意產業群聚於都會空間的現象，但少有針對文化創意產業中最核心的文化工作者族群進行深入了解，因此，本研究將針對核心族群之一的視覺藝術創作者（即一般大眾所稱的藝術家）於都市空間的群聚現象進行探。
本研究目的在於了解藝術創作者群聚在都會區的空間分佈，形成原因，空間的創意氛圍，以及其所產生的創新能力。以產業群聚理論與創意氛圍概念作為分析主軸，本研究透過文獻資料收集、關鍵人物訪談以及實地觀察，得知視覺藝術創作者確實有群聚台北都會區的現象，並在台北都會空間內有許多透過藝術家自發性組成的藝術空間。並可依據其形成的目的與空間利用型態區分為「創作型」、「交流型」、「創作與交流混合型」的藝術家群聚空間。並透過歷史悠久且在藝術圈內具有一定聲望分別選擇「下圭柔工廠區」、「伊通公園」、「竹圍工作室」個案對群聚空間進行深入研究。
研究結果發現藝術生產網絡是藝術家群聚於台北都會區的主因，三種類型的群聚空間反映了藝術創作過程想法發想到創作實踐的藝術創作不同的生產階段。「創作型」群聚空間是藝術家創作實踐的工廠，強調每個藝術家各自獨立的創作空間與時間，沒有產生區域性的創意氛圍。「交流型」群聚空間因網絡互動密切的交流性質群聚空間產生了強烈的創意氛圍並形成創意激盪的效果，實驗精神與彈性管理方式是交流性質群聚空間的共同空間特性。「創作與交流混合型」群聚空間不僅作為實踐自我創意能力的基地，更積極透過各種交流活動促成創意激發，往往能夠產生出更多的可能性，促成跨界交流，產生影響我國文化政策及藝術生態之力量。
非正式的人際網絡、低廉的空間取得成本是促成各類型群聚形成的共同關鍵因素，基地本身條件是吸引創作型及創作與交流混合型群聚空間形成的重要因素，交流性質群聚空間往往成為整個生產網絡專業行動者的互動平台，各類型的群聚之空間分佈與都市空間及都市發展歷程息息相關，並有著各自不同的特性。

關鍵字

群聚 ； 視覺藝術創作者 ； 創意 ； 創意氛圍 ； 人際網絡 ； 網絡關係 ； 文化創意產業 ； 台北

並列摘要

Industrial cluster has been a prominent issue in economic geography. Recently, many countries pay much attention to the cultural and creative industries. Lots of studies have pointed out that cultural and creative industry does cluster in metropolitan area. However, less studies have focused on the core creative field. Thus, the study highlights the clustering phenomenon of visual artists who belong to the core creative field in Taipei Metropolitan Area.
The main aim of the study is to understand the reason why is visual artists clustering, where the exact location are, and how visual artists strength their innovation capability by clustering. Through reviewing the literature of creative industry cluster and creative milieu and interviewing with crucial artists and field observation, the study finds that visual artists tend to cluster and have developed some artistic spaces voluntarily in Taipei Metropolitan area. Depending on the reason why they cluster and how they utilize the space, the study catgorize it into three different type of spaces “Cluster for Practical Work”, ”Cluster for Communication with Other Artists”, and ” Cluster for Prectical Work as well as Communication with Other Artists”. The study selects ” Xiaguirou Industrial Area ”, “ IT-Park”, and “Banboo Curtain Studio”as the case studies to represent each type, which are the long historical standing and well-known artistic spaces in Taipei.
The result of our analysis points out that artistic production network is the main reason for artists to cluster in Taipei. The cluster typology reflects different procedures of creating artworks from idea developing to practical work. “Cluster for Practical Work”as a space for artists to carry out artwork reflects that artists need the individual space and time to accomplish ther own creation. It doesn’t generate the regional creative melieu. ”Cluster for Communication with Other Artists”with spontaneously enriching communication generates a creative melieu as well as brings the brainstorming effect. Experimental spirit and Flexible management are essential characteristics for this type of cluster space. ”Cluster for Prectical Work as well as Communication with Other Artists”is a space not only for accomplishing ther own creation, but also inspiring the creation through enriching communication, stimulating cross-field communication, and effecting the goverment culture policy.
Untraded social network and low rent for the space is the common essential factor for all kind of cluster typology. Cluster space with communicative characteristic can be developed as a interactive platform for artistic production network. A qualified site is the essential factor for Cluster space with Practical Work characteristic. Distribution in metropolitan area of each kind of cluster is extremely different, but all highly relevant with the urban spatial structure and its historic trajectory.

並列關鍵字

Cluster ； Visual artist ； Creativity ； Creative milieu ； Social network ； Network ； Cultural and creative industry ； Taipei

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