農業多功能論下農村永續社區之研究─以苗栗縣後龍鎮灣寶社區為例

A Study of Rural Sustainable Community in the Multifunctionality of Agriculture─Taking the Wan Bao Community of Houlongg Town in Miaoli County as An Example

李郁璇(YU-HSUAN LI)

指導教授 ： 廖本全

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

台灣是以農業為根基的國家，自2002年加入「世界貿易組織」後，台灣農業處於國際市場的競爭壓力中，農業生存空間面臨嚴苛的考驗，這不僅只是台灣所面對的挑戰，亦是全世界共通的現象。然而，西方文明社會面對此種問題提出不同的思考，至1980年代中期，「農業多功能」新觀點被提出，從過去傳統農業以生產為唯一價值，轉變為強調生產、生活、生態、文化、休閒等多元化的功能性。
社區朝向永續經營方向發展，是近年政府相關計畫政策中所擬定的目標，提出運用生態工法營造社區環境及推動永續社區的概念，但是就目前對於「永續社區」之界定，各學界、領域間之認知存在其歧異度。因此，本研究冀望以農業多功能為論述基礎，強化永續社區實質內涵，進一步探討農村型態的永續社區，從生活的基本單元─「社區」尺度為起點，重新思考人與自然、人與人、人與文化間之關係，將生態價值實踐於生活中，迎向「新綠色革命」。

本研究以典型的農業型態村落─苗栗縣後龍鎮灣寶社區作為實證案例，透過深度訪談及參與式觀察等方法，檢視其是否具備農村永續社區之三大特質：「永續三大功能」、「啟動關鍵」、「行動組織」。首先，瞭解灣寶社區生產、生態、生活等三大功能之永續實踐程度；其次，探討促成社區轉為永續經營的發展事件背景與關鍵原因；最後，聚焦於行動組織，檢視內部組織的內生行為與外部組織的支援互動，所構成的共生模式。

研究結果發現，灣寶社區之發展實已具有農村永續發展之架構，係以超脫農業生產基地之思維，結合生態關懷與文化傳承為本體的農鄉社會，並且社區內部強盛的團結力量是促成灣寶社區發展的重要關鍵，積極紮根社區、保衛社區，足以作為其他農村社區邁向永續發展之重要學習典範，並於檢視過程中所發現的社區課題，其實彰顯出現今台灣農村現況發展的重要現象，意識到要奠定農村社區永續經營的基礎，必須先穩固農業之生產功能。

關鍵字

農業多功能；永續社區；農村永續社區；灣寶社區

並列摘要

Taiwan is a country that taking the agriculture as the foundation. Our agriculture has been competing under the pressure in the international market since we joined the “World Trade Organization，WTO”,2002. Its existence space will face with harsh test. This is not only just a challenge for Taiwan but also a common phenomenon around the world. However, the west civilization put forward thinking differently with such issues. The mid-1980s, the new viewpoints of“Multifunctionality of Agriculture”, it’s taking the production as the only value from Traditional agriculture turn into emphasizing on production, life ,ecology, culture, recreation and other diverse functionality.

The direction towards the sustainable development of communities is the plan formulated by the Government in recent years. Using of ecological engineering methods to create environment and promote the concept of sustainable communities. At present, it is differences between field to define the“sustainable community ”. Therefore, the research applies the multifunctionality of agriculture for a foundation, to strengthen the content of stainable community. Further, to discusses the type of rural sustainable community. From the basic unit of life─“community” as a starting point , rethinking the relationship with human and nature, human and human, human and culture. Towards a“new green revolution ”by practicing the ecological value in our life.

The research taking the Wan Bao community of Houlongg town in Miaoli county as anexample that is a typical of agricultural village. By methods of participant observation and in-depth interview, examining the availability of the three major characteristics of rural sustainable community：“Three functions of Sustainability”,“Driven of key”,“The actions”. First, to understand the sustainable degree of production,ecology and life etc. functions in Wan Bao community. Second, to investigate the background and reason of the event which promots the community to sustainable management.Finally, fouse on the actions, to inspect the endogenous approach and exdogenous approach of community how they do.

The results showed, the Wan Bao community has the structure of rural sustainable development already. It is beyond the agricultural production base, combine with ecological concern and Cultural Heritage. Especially, powerful unifying force within the community is an important reason. It can be a significant learning model for other rural sustainable community. Additionally , it is not only viewing the process of community that found in subject but also highlight the current situation of Taiwan's rural problems. The research points that to laying the basis for a rural sustainable community must be stabilizing the function of agricultural production.

並列關鍵字

Multifunctionality of Agriculture；Sustainable Community；Rural Sustainable Community；Wan Bao Community

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