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  • 學位論文

都市空間型態對家戶用電能源消耗之影響-以台北都會區為例

Effect of Urban Form on Household Electricity Consumption - A Case Study of Taipei Metropolitan Area

指導教授 : 葉佳宗
共同指導教授 : 陳維斌(Wei-Bin Chen)
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摘要


都市化日益嚴重的結果所造成之人口快速集中、大樓到處林立、經濟迅速成長,帶動了大量的能源消耗,產生了過多的溫室氣體排放,也會影響更多的能源使用與消耗。能源的消耗上,經濟部能源局自民國69年至民國93年間針對國內電力消費的統計也顯示,住宅類的電力消費量成長率為7.4%,僅次於商業及其他類,住宅部門的用電消費量約佔全國電力消費的20%(經濟部能源局,2003),可見住宅的耗電已是台灣能源結構中不可忽視的重點。 而都市發展的過程中隨著時間的變動及不同的都市型態與結構,將會產生不同的都市能源消耗,也說明了能源消耗問題與都市型態之間是具有關聯性的。在近年,相關的研究上,除了原先重視的交通面向問題外,也漸漸地發展出住宅面向的問題,因此,本研究將以台北都會區為研究範圍加以探討夏季家戶電力能源消耗與都市型態之影響。 研究方法上,本研究選用12項都市型態變數與電力能源消耗進行相關性檢驗與多元迴歸分析,其中都市型態包含空間格局變數及社會經濟變數。而研究結果顯示(一)相關性檢驗下,影響都市家戶能源消耗之都市型態為都市聚集程度、建成密度、綠地水體密度、都市強度、家庭收支、人口密度及戶數密度等七項變數;(二)由多元迴歸分析下,影響住宅用電能源消耗之關鍵變數為建成密度、都市強度、平均樓地板面積及家庭收支,其中以建成密度與都市強度對都市熱島效應影響最劇烈;(三)在土地管制與空間規劃上,針對建成密度與都市強度必須加以規範與限制,管制都市中建成密度的擴張、建物樓高;並提供迴歸方程式來檢驗未來電力能源消耗。

並列摘要


The rapid population concentration is caused by urbanization; the built environment everywhere, rapid economic growth, driven by a large number of energy consumption, resulting in excessive greenhouse gas emissions, will also affect more energy use and consumption. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Bureau of Energy, from 1980-2004, the domestic electricity consumption shows that residential electricity consumption growth rate of 7.4 percent, second only to commercial and other categories, with the residential sector electricity consumption accounts for the country's electricity consumption 20%, showing that residential consumption cannot be ignored priorities. The process of urban development and changes over time of different urban form and structure, will result in different urban energy consumption, but also illustrates the correlation of energy consumption and urban patterns. In recent years, the related research, in addition to the original emphasis on traffic energy consumption, but also gradually develop a residential-oriented issues, this study will explored the summer energy consumption of household electricity and urban state's influence in Taipei Metropolitan. This study chooses 12 urban form variables and power energy consumption correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, where urban form contains spatial pattern variables and socio-economic variables. The results show that (a) With correlations analysis, the urban form which affects urban household energy consumption are urban aggregation, built-up density, green and water density, urban intensity, household income, population density and households density; (b) With multiple regression analysis, the key variables which affects household electricity consumption are built-up density, urban intensity, average floor area and household income. The first two key variables, built-up density and urban intensity, are also the key variables of the Urban Heat Island; (c) About the land manage and spatial planning, more rules and limition for built-up density and urban intensity, more restriction for the expension of built-up indensity and building height; we also examine the future consumption of electricity energy through the regression equation.

參考文獻


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