實務社會工作者評估家庭暴力被害人之危險情境探討

DISCUSSION OF THE PROCESS OF FRONTLINE SOCIAL WORKERS DURING RISK ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC ABUSE VICTIMS

范爾雯(Erh-Wen Fan)

指導教授 ： 楊蓓 ； 廖美蓮

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會工作學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

論文提要內容：
家庭暴力對人身安全的危險程度，不僅是發生在伴侶間的口角衝突，更是關乎被害人生命安全的重要議題。然
而，實務中對於如何將危險因子納入危險評估的判斷，至今仍無較具體的討論。因此，本研究期待透過此研究的進
行，理解實務工作者面對危險評估時可能出現的決策拉扯過程及其中的考量因素，並呈現目前實務工作者進行危險
評估的現況。
本研究以具有第一線針對被害人進行危險評估經驗達一年以上的實務工作者或督導人員等作為深度訪談對
象，共有七人參與受訪，包括兩位督導，五名社工員，研究分析發現，實務工作者於危險評估過程中之考量因素如
下：(一) 被害人優勢為主要考量，包含被害人的自我保護及運用資源能力、外在條件、案主自決及案主責任等。(二)
加害人的危險程度，關注是否有藥酒癮、精神障礙、就業不穩定及暴力行為的樣態。(三)互動關係中的權力結構，
互動關係的評估為影響被害人是否落入重複受暴關係的關鍵，然對於整個危險評估的歷程而言，受到工作經驗及工
作者的價值影響，而有階段性的不同考量。(四) 督導的專業意見，督導們表示與工作者透過職前訓練形成共識，因
此對於工作者的評估均表示信任及尊重。而工作者認為有滿彈性的討論空間，但多數的工作者表示仍會尊重督導意
見。
以實務經驗來說，工作者的性別意識仍隱約的影響著與被害人接觸時的主觀判斷。而研究中亦發現，實務工作
者評估危險程度時，體制的宰制可能對於服務輸送產生深遠的影響，使得工作者採取「情非得已」的態度，以在工
作場域中的夾縫求生存。然而經歷了各種多樣化類型的暴力案件之淬鍊，多數實務工作者開始可以理解到與案主關
係的分界，將自己視為「協助者」的角色，放下對案主的期待或是對自己的工作要求，逐漸轉變個人對職業角色的
認知及對「案主責任」的實踐，不僅學習以更多元的方式提供案主服務，並學著如何在服務的過程中相信案主的能
力，與其共同成長。

關鍵字

危險 ； 危險評估

並列摘要

As domestic violence has the potential to put victims’ personal safety at risk, it is
a vital issue that often goes beyond verbal conflict between partners. However, as
there has been little concrete discussion of how to assess risk factors during practical
evaluations, this study hopes to gain a further understanding of the decision making
process social workers adopt during risk assessment, and the factors involved. This
will also provide more information on how social workers currently conduct risk
assessment.
This study conducted in-depth interviews with social workers and supervisors
with a year or more of experience in conducting risk assessment on victims of
domestic violence. A total of seven individuals took part in the interviews, including
two supervisors and five social workers. Analysis reveals that the factors social
workers take into consideration during the risk assessment process are as follows: (1)
The victim’s consent is a major factor. This includes the victim’s ability to
self-protect and utilize resources, external factors, self-determination, client
responsibility, and so forth. (2) Offender’s degree of risk. Determining the presence
of or potential for drug addiction, alcoholism, psychological impairment,
unemployment, and violent behavior. (3) The power structure in the interaction
Assessment of the interactions is the key to evaluating whether or not the victim is
trapped in a cycle of abuse. However, in terms of the entire risk assessment process,
there may be varying concerns at different stages due to the experience and values of
the social worker responsible. (4) Professional opinion from supervisors.
Supervisors stated that as they reach a consensus with social workers via orientation
training, they expressed trust and respect towards the assessments the social workers
made. The social workers felt that there was room for discussion, but most still stated
that they would respect their supervisor’s opinion during the final decision-making
process.
In terms of practical experience, gender preconceptions of social workers can
still subconsciously affect their objectivity and judgment during contact with victims.
The study also discovered that systemic restrictions can have a lasting influence on
service transmission. At times, social workers must adopt a passive attitude in order to
avoid attracting attention at their work places. Nonetheless, the majority of social
workers are able to grasp an appropriate degree separation between them and the
client is necessary so that their role becomes one of “assister”. This enables social
workers to overcome the expectations they may have of their clients or their work
responsibilities in order to gradually change their perception of their professional role
and implement client responsibility. Not only will they learn to provide their services
to clients in a more diverse way, they will learn to trust in the client’s capability
during the service process, so that both the client and social worker may grow from it.

並列關鍵字

risk assessment, ； social worker, ； domestic violence

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